Two-dimensional materials are in the forefront of material research due to their attractive electronic properties that can be employed for a wide range of applications. In last decades from the discovery of graphene, there has been a huge interest in the development of novel 2D materials such as metal oxides, transition-metal dichalcogenides and phosphides to name a few. Single element 2D materials such as the two-dimensional allotropes of the 14th group elements (silicene, germanene and stanene) and more recently the counterparts of the 15th group (phosphorene, arsenene, antimonene and bismuthene) and 13th group (borophene) have received considerable attention because of the intrinsically opened bandgap. Here, we cover the recent state of the art in the field of monoelemental 2D materials preparation using “bottom-up” approach together with discussion of possible future directions in material preparation. The review cover also the properties and some theoretical aspects of synthesis.

二维材料由于其吸引人的电子特性而可用于广泛的应用，因此处于材料研究的最前沿。在最近几十年来，从发现石墨烯开始，人们对新型2D材料的开发产生了极大的兴趣，例如金属氧化物，过渡金属二卤化物和磷化物等。单元素二维材料，例如第十四族元素（硅，锗和锡）的二维同素异形体，以及最近的第十五族（磷，砷，锑和铋）和第十三族（硼烯）的对应物由于固有的开放带隙而引起关注。这里，我们涵盖了使用“自下而上”方法在单元素2D材料制备领域中的最新技术，并讨论了材料制备中可能的未来方向。该综述还涵盖了合成的性质和一些理论方面。