Sophisticated design and fabrication of nanostructure electrodes is a prerequisite to meet the requirements of high-performance supercapacitors. In this work, the growth behavior of NiCo layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheet arrays in different ethanol/water solutions is explored, and graded holey NiCo LDH nanosheet arrays (G-NiCo LDH) with interpenetrated caverns are obtained on carbon cloth substrate. Caverns of small size are formed at the bottom of the nanosheet arrays. The graded holey nanoarrays contain free open space between the nanoarchitectures for electrolyte access, are largely free of “dead volume”, and ensure strong adhesion of nanosheets. The as-obtained nanostructured electrode with high mass loading (6.02 mg cm⁻²) shows excellent specific capacitance of 1497 F g⁻¹ (9.03 F cm⁻²) at 5 mA cm⁻² and high cycling stability. A high-performance all-solid-state G-NiCo LDH//activated carbon asymmetric supercapacitor is then assembled. This device exhibits a maximum working voltage of 1.8 V, an extraordinary specific capacitance of 241 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, a prominent energy density of 108 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 900 W kg⁻¹, and excellent cycling stability (93% capacitance retention after 8000 cycles). This work opens an innovative avenue toward the design of hierarchical electrodes for future energy storage devices.

纳米结构电极的复杂设计和制造是满足高性能超级电容器要求的先决条件。在这项工作中，探索了NiCo层状双氢氧化物（LDH）纳米片阵列在不同乙醇/水溶液中的生长行为，并在碳布基材上获得了具有互穿洞的渐变多孔NiCo LDH纳米片阵列（G-NiCo LDH）。小尺寸的洞穴形成在纳米片阵列的底部。分级的多孔纳米阵列在纳米体系结构之间包含自由的开放空间，可用于电解液的存取，基本上没有“死体积”，并确保纳米片的牢固粘附。如此获得的具有高质量负载（6.02 mg cm ^-2）的纳米结构电极显示出1497 F g ^-1的优异比电容。（9.03 F cm ^-2）在5 mA cm ^-2时具有很高的循环稳定性。然后组装了高性能的全固态G-NiCo LDH //活性炭非对称超级电容器。该器件的最大工作电压为1.8 V， 在1 A g ^-1时具有241 F g ^-1的非常大的比电容， 在900 W kg ^-1的功率密度下具有108 Wh kg ^-1的突出能量密度，并且出色的循环稳定性（8000次循环后93％的电容保持率）。这项工作为将来的储能设备的分层电极设计开辟了一条创新的途径。