Stem cells have been long looked at as possible therapeutic vehicles in regenerative medicine largely due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential and paracrine actions. Therefore, development of new procedures for the differentiation of stem cells into different cell types holds great potential for opening new opportunities in regenerative medicine. In addition to various methods for inducing stem cell differentiation, the utilization of nanomaterials for differentiation of stem cells has recently received considerable attention and has become a potential tool for such purpose. Multiple lines of evidence revealed that nanomaterial-based scaffolds, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), and biodegradable polymers have led to significant progress in regulation of stem cell differentiation. Several studies indicated that different NPs including selenium, gold, graphene quantum dots (QDs) and silica could be employed for the regulation of differentiation of stem cells such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In addition, magnetic core–shell NPs could be applied for the regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that NPs are potential candidates which could be utilized for the differentiation of stem cells into various cell types such as neural cells. Herein, we summarized the application of NPs for differentiation of stem cells into various cells in particular neural cells.

长期以来，干细胞一直被视为再生医学中可能的治疗载体，这主要是由于它们具有多谱系分化潜能和旁分泌作用。因此，开发用于将干细胞分化成不同细胞类型的新方法具有巨大的潜力，为再生医学开辟了新的机遇。除了用于诱导干细胞分化的各种方法之外，近来利用纳米材料来分化干细胞已引起相当大的关注，并且已成为用于该目的的潜在工具。多条证据表明，基于纳米材料的支架，无机纳米颗粒（NPs）和可生物降解的聚合物已在调节干细胞分化方面取得了重大进展。多项研究表明，包括硒，金，石墨烯量子点（QDs）和二氧化硅在内的不同NP可用于调节干细胞（例如人间充质干细胞（hMSCs））的分化。此外，磁核-壳纳米颗粒可用于调节神经干细胞（NSC）的分化。综上所述，这些发现表明NP是潜在的候选物，可用于将干细胞分化成各种细胞类型，例如神经细胞。在本文中，我们总结了NP在干细胞分化为各种细胞（特别是神经细胞）中的应用。磁核-壳核糖体可用于调节神经干细胞（NSC）的分化。综上所述，这些发现表明NP是潜在的候选物，可用于将干细胞分化成各种细胞类型，例如神经细胞。在本文中，我们总结了NP在干细胞分化为各种细胞（特别是神经细胞）中的应用。磁核-壳核糖体可用于调节神经干细胞（NSC）的分化。综上所述，这些发现表明NP是潜在的候选物，可用于将干细胞分化成各种细胞类型，例如神经细胞。在本文中，我们总结了NP在干细胞分化为各种细胞（特别是神经细胞）中的应用。