Copper (Cu) plays an essential role in the development and function of the brain. In humans, genetic disorders of Cu metabolism may cause either severe Cu deficiency (Menkes disease) or excessive Cu accumulation (Wilson disease) in the brain tissue. In either case, the loss of Cu homeostasis results in catecholamine misbalance, abnormal myelination of neurons, loss of normal brain architecture, and a spectrum of neurologic and/or psychiatric manifestations. Several metabolic processes have been identified as particularly sensitive to Cu dis-homeostasis. This review focuses on the role of Cu in noradrenergic neurons and summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms that maintain Cu homeostasis in these cells. The impact of Cu misbalance on catecholamine metabolism and functioning of noradrenergic system is discussed.

中文翻译：

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铜和大脑去甲肾上腺素系统。

铜（Cu）在大脑的发育和功能中起着至关重要的作用。在人类中，铜代谢的遗传疾病可能导致脑组织中严重的铜缺乏（门克斯病）或过多的铜积累（威尔森病）。在这两种情况下，Cu动态平衡的丧失都会导致儿茶酚胺失衡，神经元的异常髓鞘形成，大脑正常结构的丧失以及一系列神经和/或精神病学表现。已经确定了几种代谢过程对铜的动态平衡特别敏感。这篇综述着重于铜在去甲肾上腺素神经元中的作用，并总结了目前在这些细胞中维持铜稳态的机制的知识。讨论了铜失衡对儿茶酚胺代谢和去甲肾上腺素能系统功能的影响。