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The structure of the Thermococcus gammatolerans McrB N-terminal domain reveals a new mode of substrate recognition and specificity among McrB homologs.
Journal of Biological Chemistry ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010188
Christopher J Hosford 1 , Anthony Q Bui 1 , Joshua S Chappie 2
Affiliation  

McrBC is a two-component, modification-dependent restriction system that cleaves foreign DNA-containing methylated cytosines. Previous crystallographic studies have shown that Escherichia coli McrB uses a base-flipping mechanism to recognize these modified substrates with high affinity. The side chains stabilizing both the flipped base and the distorted duplex are poorly conserved among McrB homologs, suggesting that other mechanisms may exist for binding modified DNA. Here we present the structures of the Thermococcus gammatolerans McrB DNA-binding domain (TgΔ185) both alone and in complex with a methylated DNA substrate at 1.68 and 2.27 Å resolution, respectively. The structures reveal that TgΔ185 consists of a YT521-B homology (YTH) domain, which is commonly found in eukaryotic proteins that bind methylated RNA and is structurally unrelated to the E. coli McrB DNA-binding domain. Structural superposition and co-crystallization further show that TgΔ185 shares a conserved aromatic cage with other YTH domains, which forms the binding pocket for a flipped-out base. Mutational analysis of this aromatic cage supports its role in conferring specificity for the methylated adenines, whereas an extended basic surface present in TgΔ185 facilitates its preferential binding to duplex DNA rather than RNA. Together, these findings establish a new binding mode and specificity among McrB homologs and expand the biological roles of YTH domains.

中文翻译:

嗜热链球菌McrB N末端域的结构揭示了McrB同源物之间底物识别和特异性的新模式。

McrBC是两成分,依赖修饰的限制性酶切系统,可裂解含有外源DNA的甲基化胞嘧啶。先前的晶体学研究表明,大肠杆菌McrB使用碱基翻转机制以高亲和力识别这些修饰的底物。稳定翻转的碱基和扭曲的双链体的侧链在McrB同源物中保守性很差,这表明可能存在结合修饰的DNA的其他机制。在这里,我们介绍了嗜热球菌MctrB DNA结合结构域(TgΔ185)的结构,分别与甲基化的DNA底物分别以1.68和2.27Å的分辨率结合。结构表明TgΔ185由YT521-B同源性(YTH)域组成,它通常在结合甲基化RNA的真核蛋白质中发现,并且在结构上与大肠杆菌McrB DNA结合结构域无关。结构重叠和共结晶进一步表明,TgΔ185与其他YTH结构域共享一个保守的芳族笼,这形成了一个翻转碱基的结合袋。该芳香族笼的突变分析支持了其在赋予甲基化腺嘌呤特异性方面的作用,而存在于TgΔ185中的扩展的碱性表面则促进了其与双链DNA而不是RNA的优先结合。在一起,这些发现建立了新的结合模式和McrB同源物之间的特异性,并扩展了YTH域的生物学作用。结构重叠和共结晶进一步表明,TgΔ185与其他YTH结构域共享一个保守的芳族笼,这形成了一个翻转碱基的结合袋。该芳香族笼的突变分析支持了其在赋予甲基化腺嘌呤特异性方面的作用,而存在于TgΔ185中的扩展的碱性表面则促进了其与双链DNA而不是RNA的优先结合。在一起,这些发现建立了新的结合模式和McrB同源物之间的特异性,并扩展了YTH域的生物学作用。结构重叠和共结晶进一步表明,TgΔ185与其他YTH结构域共享一个保守的芳族笼,这形成了一个翻转碱基的结合袋。该芳香族笼的突变分析支持了其在赋予甲基化腺嘌呤特异性方面的作用,而存在于TgΔ185中的扩展的碱性表面则促进了其与双链DNA而不是RNA的优先结合。在一起,这些发现建立了新的结合模式和McrB同源物之间的特异性,并扩展了YTH域的生物学作用。
更新日期:2020-01-17
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