The review discuss the role of water in the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons of different composition and different chemical nature. The review examines the interaction of water with catalysts, mainly based on vanadium and molybdenum oxides, including volume and surface reconstruction, the mechanism of formation of adsorbed forms of water and their impact on the reaction stages. Positive effect of water is manifested in an increase of the activity and selectivity of the catalysts. The acceleration of the catalytic reaction is associated with the generation of new active centers, namely, Brønsted active sites (BAS), as the part of hydroxyl groups – product of water dissociation on the catalyst. BAS serve as centers for the primary activation of hydrocarbons, facilitating the subsequent limiting stage of dissociation by Lewis active sites (LAS). Possible ways to increase the selectivity are: acceleration of the main reaction associated with the appearance of BAS, without affecting adverse reactions; inhibition reoxidation of the target product by water competing or displacement of a surface oxygenate precursor; facilitation of the desorption of the target product with the catalyst surface oxidized by water; suppressing the formation of strongly bonded intermediates, regulating the acidity of BAS. All these paths simultaneously reduces the coking the catalysts.

该综述讨论了水在不同组成和不同化学性质的烃选择性氧化中的作用。审查审查了水与主要基于钒和钼氧化物的催化剂的相互作用，包括体积和表面重构，吸附水形式的形成机理及其对反应阶段的影响。水的积极作用表现为催化剂活性和选择性的增加。催化反应的加速与新活性中心（即布朗斯台德活性位点（BAS））的生成有关，该活性中心是羟基的一部分-羟基在催化剂上解离的产物。BAS充当碳氢化合物初次活化的中心，促进路易斯活性位点（LAS）分解的后续限制阶段。增加选择性的可能方法是：加速与BAS的出现有关的主要反应，而不影响不良反应；通过水竞争或表面含氧化合物前体的置换来抑制目标产物的再氧化；通过水氧化催化剂表面促进目标产物的解吸；抑制强键合中间体的形成，调节BAS的酸度。所有这些路径同时减少了催化剂的焦化。通过水氧化催化剂表面促进目标产物的解吸；抑制强键合中间体的形成，调节BAS的酸度。所有这些路径同时减少了催化剂的焦化。通过水氧化催化剂表面促进目标产物的解吸；抑制强键合中间体的形成，调节BAS的酸度。所有这些路径同时减少了催化剂的焦化。