Humid montane forests are challenging environments for human habitation. We used high-resolution fossil pollen, charcoal, diatom and sediment chemistry data from the iconic archaeological setting of Laguna de los Condores, Peru to reconstruct changing land uses and climates in a forested Andean valley. Forest clearance and maize cultivation were initiated during periods of drought, with periods of forest recovery occurring during wetter conditions. Between AD 800 and 1000 forest regrowth was evident, but this trend was reversed between AD 1000 and 1200 as drier conditions coincided with renewed land clearance, the establishment of a permanent village and the use of cliffs overlooking the lake as a burial site. By AD 1230 forests had regrown in the valley and maize cultivation was greatly reduced. An elevational transect investigating regional patterns showed a parallel, but earlier, history of reduced maize cultivation and forest regeneration at mid-elevation. However, a lowland site showed continuous maize agriculture until European conquest but very little subsequent change in forest cover. Divergent, climate-sensitive landscape histories do not support categorical assessments that forest regrowth and peak carbon sequestration coincided with European arrival.

中文翻译：

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人类在安第斯山脉高海拔地区已有2100年的适应气候变化的历史。

潮湿的山地森林是人类居住环境的挑战。我们使用了秘鲁拉古纳德洛斯康多斯标志性考古环境中的高分辨率化石花粉，木炭，硅藻和沉积物化学数据，以重建森林覆盖的安第斯山谷的土地利用和气候变化。在干旱期间开始进行森林砍伐和玉米种植，在潮湿的条件下进行森林恢复。在公元800年至1000年之间森林再生很明显，但这种趋势在公元1000年至1200年之间发生了逆转，因为更干燥的条件与重新开垦土地，建立一个永久村庄以及使用俯瞰湖的悬崖作为墓地相吻合。到公元1230年，山谷中的森林重新长成，玉米种植大大减少。海拔断面调查区域格局显示出平行的但较早的历史，即玉米在中部海拔高度减少的耕作和森林更新的历史。但是，在欧洲征服之前，一个低地地区显示了持续的玉米农业，但随后的森林覆盖率变化很小。不同的，对气候敏感的景观史不支持对森林再生和碳固存峰值与欧洲到来同时进行的分类评估。