Mortality of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and water chemistry were characterized in 6 headwater streams in the western Adirondacks of New York during spring 2015, 2016, and 2017 and compared with results from analogous tests done between 1980 and 2003 in many of the same streams, to assess temporal changes in toxicity and inorganic monomeric aluminum (Ali ) concentrations, and the role of Ali exposure duration on brook trout survival. The Ali concentrations of 2 and 4 µmol L-1 corresponded to low-to-moderate and high mortality thresholds, but prolonged exposure to ≥1 µmol Ali  L-1 also produced mortality. The variability, mean, and highest Ali concentrations in Buck Creek year round, and in several other streams during spring, have decreased significantly over the past 3 decades. Logistic models indicate that Ali surpassed highly toxic concentrations in Buck Creek for 3 to 4 mo annually during 2001 to 2003 and for 2 to 3 wk annually during 2015 to 2017. The loss of extremely high Ali episodes indicates that toxicity has declined markedly between the 1989 to 1990, 2001 to 2003, and 2015 to 2017 test periods, yet Ali concentrations can still cause moderate-to-high and complete (100%) mortality. The logistic models illustrate how mortality of brook trout in several Adirondack streams likely decreased in response to the 1990 Amendments to the United States' Clean Air Act (which decreased acidity, Ali concentrations, and duration of toxic episodes) and offer a means to predict how changes in US regulations that limit emissions of NOx and SOx (and N and S deposition loads) could affect fish survival and stream ecosystems in this region and across the Northeast. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:623-636. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

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美国纽约阿迪朗达克山脉酸化溪流中铝毒性的下降和暴露时间对布鲁克鳟鱼死亡率的影响。

分别在2015年春季，2016年和2017年春季在纽约西部阿迪朗达克山脉的6条上游水源中表征了鳟鳟的死亡率和水化学反应，并将其与1980年至2003年在许多相同河流中进行的类似测试的结果进行了比较，得出评估毒性和无机单体铝（Ali）浓度的时间变化，以及Ali暴露持续时间对河鳟生存的影响。2和4 µmol L-1的Ali浓度对应于低至中度和高死亡率阈值，但长时间暴露于≥1 µmol Ali L-1也会产生死亡率。在过去的30年中，巴克克里克（Buck Creek）以及春季其他几个溪流的变异性，均值和最高Ali浓度已显着降低。Logistic模型表明，在2001年至2003年期间，Ali每年在Buck Creek的毒害浓度超过3到4个月，在2015年至2017年期间，每年超过2到3 wk。极高的Ali发病率损失表明，在1989年之间，毒性已经明显下降到1990年，2001年到2003年以及2015年到2017年的测试期，但Ali的浓度仍可导致中度至高度和完全（100％）死亡率。逻辑模型说明了1990年美国《清洁空气法》修正案（降低了酸度，阿里浓度，和有毒事件的持续时间），并提供一种手段来预测限制NOx和SOx排放（以及N和S沉积负荷）的美国法规的变化将如何影响该地区以及整个东北地区的鱼类生存和河流生态系统。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020; 39：623-636。©2019作者。Wiley Periodicals，Inc.代表SETAC出版的《环境毒理学和化学》。