Abstract Compared to conventional high temperature processes, e.g. arc additive manufacturing, thermal spraying and laser/electron-beam cladding/additive manufacturing, coatings of Ti and its alloys with cold spraying (CS) are increasingly attracting attention from researchers and industries, because of the low temperature and high velocity characteristics of sprayed particles, which strictly restrict the oxidation of the sprayed powder and bring about prominent metallurgical benefits. However, coatings of Ti and its alloys by CS have been found limited industrial applications compared to other materials (e.g. Cu and Al), partly due to the special particle deposition behavior of Ti and its alloys and the lack of comprehensive knowledge of its control. This review therefore focuses on the deposition characteristics of Ti and its alloys during CS in an effort to shed light on them and expand their applications. The first part presents a brief introduction of CS and the basic characteristics of Ti and its alloys coatings by CS. The second part describes the effects of CS process parameters on the deposition characteristics of Ti and its alloys. The third part discusses the bonding mechanisms of Ti and its alloy particles during CS. The fourth part discusses the strengthening methods such as in-situ shot peening and laser-assisted CS. The coating properties can also be improved with post-spray treatment, such as heat treatment, laser treatment, hot rolling, hot isostatic pressing and friction stir processing. In addition, further applications are suggested, such as protective coatings, biocompatible coatings, and additive manufacturing. Finally, the summary and prospects for the deposition of Ti and its alloys are presented.

中文翻译：

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钛及其合金的固态冷喷涂：文献综述

摘要 与电弧增材制造、热喷涂和激光/电子束熔覆/增材制造等传统高温工艺相比，冷喷涂 (CS) Ti 及其合金涂层越来越受到研究人员和工业界的关注，因为喷涂颗粒的低温高速特性，严格限制了喷涂粉末的氧化，带来显着的冶金效益。然而，与其他材料（例如铜和铝）相比，CS 涂层钛及其合金的工业应用受到限制，部分原因是钛及其合金的特殊颗粒沉积行为以及对其控制缺乏全面了解。因此，本综述重点关注钛及其合金在 CS 过程中的沉积特性，以期阐明它们并扩大其应用。第一部分简要介绍了 CS 和由 CS 制备的 Ti 及其合金涂层的基本特性。第二部分描述了 CS 工艺参数对 Ti 及其合金沉积特性的影响。第三部分讨论了钛及其合金颗粒在 CS 过程中的结合机制。第四部分讨论了原位喷丸强化和激光辅助CS等强化方法。还可以通过后喷涂处理来改善涂层性能，例如热处理、激光处理、热轧、热等静压和搅拌摩擦处理。此外，建议进一步应用，例如保护涂层，生物相容性涂料和增材制造。最后，对钛及其合金的沉积进行了总结和展望。