The correlated evolution of the morphology of reproduction-related organs and biological aspects of insects is intriguing yet poorly understood. As one of the largest subfamilies of phytophagous beetles, Cerambycinae provides a unique opportunity to study this topic because of the wide range of host plants, oviposition strategies, and various forms of ovipositors of its members. Nevertheless, the evolutionary pathway of these traits is unexplored and no robust phylogenetic study of the subfamily has been conducted. In this study, we reconstructed a first multi-locus phylogeny of Cerambycinae representing a wide range of oviposition strategies, host plants, and ovipositor lengths. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses showed that the shortened ovipositor in Cerambycinae evolved at least four times independently and that the use of host plant has evolved from stressed hosts to dead or living hosts and from broad-leaved trees to conifers. The correlated evolution test revealed the correlation between ovipositor length and oviposition strategy. Our study elucidates for the first time the complex evolutionary history of the ovipositor, oviposition strategy, and host plant usage, and their correlations within Cerambycinae.

中文翻译：

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多基因系统发育揭示了与天青星科（鞘翅目：天青科）的产卵相关的进化史。

繁殖相关器官的形态和昆虫生物学方面的相关进化令人着迷，但人们对此知之甚少。作为植物吞噬性甲虫最大的亚科之一，Cerambycinae提供了一个独特的机会来研究该主题，因为寄主植物种类繁多，产卵策略不同，并且其成员的产卵剂形式也多种多样。然而，这些特性的进化途径尚待探索，尚未对亚科进行系统的系统发育研究。在这项研究中，我们重建了Cerambycinae的第一个多位点系统发育，代表了广泛的产卵策略，寄主植物和产卵器长度。祖先状态分析表明，缩短的产卵母猪产卵器至少独立地进化了四次，寄主植物的使用已从受胁迫的寄主演变为死亡的或活的寄主，从阔叶树演变为针叶树。相关进化测试揭示了产卵器长度与产卵策略之间的相关性。我们的研究首次阐明了产卵器的复杂进化史，产卵策略和寄主植物的使用情况，以及它们在Cerambycinae中的相关性。