For several decades, there has been considerable interest in marine‐derived long chain n‐3 fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs) due to their outstanding health benefits. n‐3 LCPUFAs can be found in nature either in triglycerides (TAGs) or in phospholipid (PL) form. From brain health point of view, PL n‐3 is more bioavailable and potent compared to n‐3 in TAG form, as only PL n‐3 is able to cross the blood–brain barrier and can be involved in brain biochemical reactions. However, PL n‐3 has been ignored in the fish oil industry and frequently removed as an impurity during degumming processes. As a result, PL products derived from marine sources are very limited compared to TAG products. Commercially, PLs are being used in pharmaceutical industries as drug carriers, in food manufacturing as emulsifiers and in cosmetic industries as skin care agents, but most of the PLs used in these applications are produced from vegetable sources that contain less (without EPA, DPA, and DHA) or sometimes no n‐3 LCPUFAs. This review provides a comprehensive account of the properties, structures, and major sources of marine PLs, and provides focussed discussion of their relationship to brain health. Epidemiological, laboratory, and clinical studies on n‐3 LCPUFAs enriched PLs using different model systems in relation to brain and mental health that have been published over the past few years are discussed in detail.

中文翻译：

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海洋omega-3（n-3）磷脂：对其性质，来源，生物利用度以及与脑健康的关系的全面综述

几十年来，由于海洋生物长链n-3脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFA）具有突出的健康益处，因此引起了人们的极大兴趣。在自然界中可以以甘油三酸酯（TAG）或磷脂（PL）形式发现n-3 LCPUFA。从大脑健康的角度来看，PL n-3与TAG形式的n-3相比具有更高的生物利用度和效力，因为只有PL n-3能够穿越血脑屏障并且可以参与脑生化反应。但是，PL n-3在鱼油行业中被忽略，在脱胶过程中经常作为杂质被去除。因此，与TAG产品相比，海洋来源的PL产品非常有限。在商业上，PL在制药行业中用作药物载体，在食品制造业中用作乳化剂，在化妆品行业中用作皮肤护理剂，但是这些应用中使用的大多数PL都是从植物来源生产的，这些植物所含植物的含量较少（不含EPA，DPA和DHA），或者有时不含n-3 LCPUFA。这篇综述全面介绍了海洋PL的特性，结构和主要来源，并对它们与大脑健康的关系进行了重点讨论。详细讨论了过去几年中针对脑和心理健康使用不同模型系统对n-3 LCPUFAs富集的PL进行的流行病学，实验室和临床研究。并集中讨论了它们与大脑健康的关系。详细讨论了过去几年中针对脑和心理健康使用不同模型系统对n-3 LCPUFAs富集的PL进行的流行病学，实验室和临床研究。并集中讨论了它们与大脑健康的关系。详细讨论了过去几年中针对脑和心理健康使用不同模型系统对n-3 LCPUFAs富集的PL进行的流行病学，实验室和临床研究。