K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+-exchangers (NCKX) are a relatively recently described five-member gene family of transporters which play a quantitatively significant role in neuronal Ca2+ transport. In this review we highlight the important individual contributions these transporters make to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis and neuronal function. Notably, different members of the family make distinct, non-redundant, contributions to critical behavioural pathways. In particular, NCKX proteins regulate the kinetics, termination and adaptation of Ca2+ signals in sensory transduction neurons in the olfactory and visual systems. Similar contributions to shaping the spatial and temporal features of Ca2+ signals in neurons at other key brain locations have important consequences for the circuitry influencing control of satiety, for experience-dependent motor learning and spatial working memory retention, as well as in the protection of neurons in the face of toxic stimuli. NCKX proteins are also key contributors to a variety of events in other tissues. The connection between NCKX isoform function and human phenotype and disease is an emerging area, and we anticipate that future research will reveal rich new details in the coming years.

中文翻译：

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钾依赖性钠钙交换剂（NCKX）的亚型和神经元功能。

K +依赖的Na + / Ca 2+交换子（NCKX）是最近相对描述的五元转运蛋白基因家族，在神经元Ca2 +转运中起定量作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了这些转运蛋白对细胞Ca2 +稳态和神经元功能的重要贡献。值得注意的是，家庭的不同成员对关键的行为途径做出了独特的，非冗余的贡献。特别是，NCKX蛋白调节嗅觉和视觉系统中感觉传导神经元中Ca2 +信号的动力学，终止和适应。在其他关键大脑位置的神经元中塑造Ca2 +信号的时空特征的类似贡献，对影响饱腹感控制的电路产生重要影响，用于依赖经验的运动学习和空间工作记忆保留，以及在面对毒性刺激时保护神经元。NCKX蛋白也是其他组织中各种事件的关键因素。NCKX亚型功能与人类表型和疾病之间的联系是一个新兴领域，我们预计未来的研究将在未来几年揭示出许多新的细节。