To-date it has been difficult to ascertain the exact cognitive profile of childhood OCD as studies report variable results. Adult OCD research lately utilises the endophenotype approach; studying cognitive traits that are present in both patients and their unaffected first-degree relatives, and are thought to lie closer to the genotype than the full-blown disorder. By observing whether candidate endopenotypes of adult OCD are present in child patients, we can determine whether the two subtypes show cognitive overlap. We conducted a systematic review of the paediatric OCD literature focussing on proposed neurocognitive endophenotypes of OCD: cognitive flexibility, response inhibition, memory, planning, decision-making, action monitoring, and reversal learning. We found that paediatric patients present robust increases in brain error related negativity associated with abnormal action monitoring, impaired decision-making under uncertainty, planning, and visual working memory, but there is less evidence for deficits in other cognitive domains. This implies that children with OCD show some cognitive similarities with adult patients, but other dysfunctions may only manifest later in the disorder trajectory.

中文翻译：

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小儿患者是否存在强迫症的候选神经认知内表型？系统的审查。

迄今为止，由于研究报告了不同的结果，很难确定儿童强迫症的确切认知特征。成人强迫症研究最近利用内表型方法。研究患者及其未受影响的一级亲属中均存在的认知特征，并且这些认知特征被认为比基因型疾病更接近基因型。通过观察儿童患者中是否存在成人强迫症的候选内切型，我们可以确定这两种亚型是否表现出认知重叠。我们对小儿强迫症的文献进行了系统的综述，重点是建议的强迫症的神经认知内表型：认知灵活性，反应抑制，记忆，计划，决策，行动监测和逆向学习。我们发现，儿科患者表现出与错误动作监测，不确定性，计划和视觉工作记忆下的决策受损相关的与脑错误相关的阴性的强劲增加，但是在其他认知领域缺乏证据的情况却很少。这意味着患有强迫症的儿童与成年患者表现出一些认知上的相似性，但其他功能障碍可能仅在疾病轨迹的后期才出现。