Hypoxia and glycolysis have long been appreciated to promote immune cell activation. In 2019, several studies highlighted a counterbalancing homeostatic function for the glycolytic metabolite lactate. Lactate directly suppresses signalling pathways and modifies histones to play an important role in regulating macrophage polarization, tumour immunity and antiviral responses. Studies in the field of inflammation in 2019 have highlighted a counterbalancing homeostatic function for the glycolytic metabolite lactate, which is produced in hypoxic conditions, such as in tumours and chronic inflammation. Lionel Ivashkiv describes how lactate suppresses inflammatory signalling pathways and regulates macrophage polarization.

中文翻译：

---

缺氧-乳酸轴可减轻炎症。

长期以来人们一直认为缺氧和糖酵解可以促进免疫细胞的活化。在2019年，一些研究强调了糖酵解代谢物乳酸的平衡稳态功能。乳酸直接抑制信号通路并修饰组蛋白在调节巨噬细胞极化，肿瘤免疫和抗病毒反应中起重要作用。2019年炎症领域的研究突显了糖酵解代谢产物乳酸的平衡稳态功能，这是在低氧条件下产生的，例如在肿瘤和慢性炎症中。莱昂内尔·伊瓦什科夫（Lionel Ivashkiv）描述了乳酸如何抑制炎症信号通路并调节巨噬细胞极化。