Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which enables macrophages to respond to subtle cues in tightly coordinated ways. However, when this coordination is disrupted, macrophages can aid the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. The central link between these disorders is aberrant macrophage polarization, which misguides their functional programs, secretory products, and regulation of the surrounding tissue microenvironment. As a result of their important and deterministic roles in both health and disease, macrophages have gained considerable attention as targets for drug delivery. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of various inflammatory diseases, summarize the leading drugs used to regulate macrophages, and review drug delivery systems designed to target macrophages. We emphasize strategies that are approved for clinical use or are poised for clinical investigation. Finally, we provide a prospectus of the future of macrophage-targeted drug delivery systems.

中文翻译：

---

向巨噬细胞递送药物：针对炎症性疾病的巨噬细胞靶向药物和药物载体的综述。

巨噬细胞在防御外来病原体、愈合伤口和调节组织稳态方面发挥着关键作用。推动这种多功能性的是它们的表型可塑性，它使巨噬细胞能够以紧密协调的方式对微妙的线索做出反应。然而，当这种协调被破坏时，巨噬细胞可以帮助许多疾病的进展，包括癌症、心血管疾病和自身免疫性疾病。这些疾病之间的核心联系是异常的巨噬细胞极化，它误导了它们的功能程序、分泌产物和周围组织微环境的调节。由于它们在健康和疾病中的重要和确定性作用，巨噬细胞作为药物输送的靶点已经获得了相当多的关注。这里，我们讨论了巨噬细胞在各种炎症性疾病的发生和发展中的作用，总结了用于调节巨噬细胞的主要药物，并回顾了旨在靶向巨噬细胞的药物递送系统。我们强调已批准用于临床或准备用于临床研究的策略。最后，我们提供了巨噬细胞靶向药物递送系统未来的招股说明书。