Cytokine and cytokine receptors are important regulators of hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors differentiate into the myeloid or lymphoid lineage in response to specific cytokines. Cell-type specific receptors are expressed on committed progenitors that bind to other late-acting cytokines that are involved in terminal differentiation of hematopoietic cells. In normal hematopoiesis, these receptors undergo alternative splicing and are developmentally regulated. Splicing changes can significantly affect the structure and function of the receptors resulting in alterations of either the extracellular ligand binding domain or the cytoplasmic signaling domain responsible for cellular growth and differentiation. Most alternatively spliced isoforms generally lose the ability to promote differentiation. Evidently, overexpression of naturally occurring cytokine receptor alternate isoforms are observed in multiple myeloid diseases such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and polycythemia vera (PV). The purpose of this review is to introduce the various isoforms of key cytokine receptors that play a crucial role in myeloid development and their potential role in myeloid diseases.

中文翻译：

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血液系统疾病中的细胞因子受体剪接变异体

细胞因子和细胞因子受体是造血的重要调节剂。造血干细胞 (HSC) 和祖细胞响应特定细胞因子而分化为髓系或淋巴系。细胞类型特异性受体在定向祖细胞上表达，这些祖细胞与其他参与造血细胞终末分化的迟发细胞因子结合。在正常的造血过程中，这些受体经历选择性剪接并受到发育调节。剪接变化可显着影响受体的结构和功能，导致细胞外配体结合域或负责细胞生长和分化的细胞质信号域发生改变。大多数选择性剪接同种型通常失去促进分化的能力。显然，在骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)、急性髓性白血病 (AML) 和真性红细胞增多症 (PV) 等多发性骨髓疾病中观察到天然存在的细胞因子受体替代亚型的过度表达。本综述的目的是介绍在骨髓发育中起关键作用的关键细胞因子受体的各种亚型及其在骨髓疾病中的潜在作用。