Numerous independent studies link gut microbiota composition and disease and imply a causal role of select commensal microbes in disease etiology. In the gut, commensal microbiota or pathobionts secrete metabolites that underlie pathological conditions, often impacting proximal tissues and gaining access to the bloodstream. Here we focus on extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting composition of gut microbiota and their impact on the immune system, as key drivers of anti-tumor immunity. In discussing exciting advances relevant to microbiome-tumor interaction, we note existing knowledge gaps that need to be filled to advance basic and clinical research initiatives.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组：癌症免疫力的意外参与者。

大量的独立研究将肠道菌群的组成与疾病联系起来，这暗示了共生微生物在疾病病因学中的因果关系。在肠道中，共生微生物或病原体分泌代谢物，这些代谢物是病理条件的基础，通常会影响近端组织并获得进入血液的通道。在这里，我们重点研究影响肠道菌群组成及其影响免疫系统的内在和内在因素，它们是抗肿瘤免疫力的主要驱动力。在讨论与微生物组-肿瘤相互作用相关的令人振奋的进展时，我们注意到现有的知识空白需要填补，以推进基础和临床研究计划。