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Macrophage exclusion after radiation therapy (MERT): A new and effective way to increase the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy
Radiotherapy and Oncology ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.11.020
J Martin Brown 1 , Reena Thomas 1 , Seema Nagpal 1 , Lawrence Recht 1
Affiliation  

Here we review a variety of preclinical studies and a first-in-human clinical trial of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients that have investigated the significance of the influx of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) into tumors after irradiation. We summarize the effects on the response of the tumors and normal tissues to radiation of various agents that either reduce the influx of TAMs into tumors after radiation or change their M1/M2 polarization. The studies show that following irradiation there is an accumulation of bone marrow derived TAMs in the irradiated tumors. These TAMs stimulate the resumption of blood flow in the irradiated tumors thereby promoting recurrence of the tumors. A key mechanism for this accumulation of TAMs is driven by the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine pathway though other pathways could also be involved for some tumors. Blocking this pathway to prevent the TAM accumulation in the tumors both enhances tumor response to radiation and protects irradiated tissues. A clinical trial in which the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor was added to standard therapy of glioblastoma validated the preclinical findings by demonstrating i) reduced blood flow in the irradiated site, and ii) significantly improved tumor local control compared to GBM patients not treated with plerixafor. We conclude that macrophage exclusion after radiation therapy (MERT) is an effective way both to enhance the tumor response to radiation and to protect the irradiated normal tissues. Further clinical trials are warranted.

中文翻译:

放疗后巨噬细胞排除(MERT):一种提高放疗治疗率的有效新方法

在这里,我们回顾了新诊断的胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 患者的各种临床前研究和首次人体临床试验,这些试验研究了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 在辐射后流入肿瘤的重要性。我们总结了各种药剂对肿瘤和正常组织对辐射反应的影响,这些药剂可以减少辐射后 TAM 流入肿瘤或改变其 M1/M2 极化。研究表明,辐照后,受辐照的肿瘤中会积累骨髓来源的 TAM。这些 TAM 刺激受照射肿瘤中血流的恢复,从而促进肿瘤的复发。这种 TAM 积累的关键机制是由 SDF-1/CXCR4 趋化因子途径驱动的,尽管其他途径也可能涉及某些肿瘤。阻断这条通路以防止肿瘤中的 TAM 积累,既可以增强肿瘤对辐射的反应,也可以保护受辐射的组织。将 CXCR4 拮抗剂普乐沙福添加到胶质母细胞瘤的标准治疗中的临床试验通过证明 i) 受照射部位的血流量减少,和 ii) 与未用普乐沙福治疗的 GBM 患者相比显着改善肿瘤局部控制,验证了临床前发现。我们得出的结论是,放射治疗后的巨噬细胞排除 (MERT) 是增强肿瘤对放射的反应和保护受照射的正常组织的有效方法。需要进一步的临床试验。将 CXCR4 拮抗剂普乐沙福添加到胶质母细胞瘤的标准治疗中的临床试验通过证明 i) 受照射部位的血流量减少,以及 ii) 与未用普乐沙福治疗的 GBM 患者相比显着改善了肿瘤局部控制,从而验证了临床前发现。我们得出的结论是,放射治疗后的巨噬细胞排除 (MERT) 是增强肿瘤对放射的反应和保护受照射的正常组织的有效方法。需要进一步的临床试验。将 CXCR4 拮抗剂普乐沙福添加到胶质母细胞瘤的标准治疗中的临床试验通过证明 i) 受照射部位的血流量减少,以及 ii) 与未用普乐沙福治疗的 GBM 患者相比显着改善了肿瘤局部控制,从而验证了临床前发现。我们得出的结论是,放射治疗后的巨噬细胞排除 (MERT) 是增强肿瘤对放射的反应和保护受照射的正常组织的有效方法。需要进一步的临床试验。我们得出的结论是,放射治疗后的巨噬细胞排除 (MERT) 是增强肿瘤对放射的反应和保护受照射的正常组织的有效方法。需要进一步的临床试验。我们得出的结论是,放射治疗后的巨噬细胞排除 (MERT) 是增强肿瘤对放射的反应和保护受照射的正常组织的有效方法。需要进一步的临床试验。
更新日期:2020-03-01
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