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Supplementation of arginine, ornithine and citrulline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Effects on growth, amino acid levels in plasma and gene expression responses in liver tissue.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110632
T C Clark 1 , J Tinsley 2 , T Sigholt 3 , D J Macqueen 4 , S A M Martin 1
Affiliation  

Functional amino acids (FAA) regulate metabolic pathways directly linked to health, survival, growth and development. Arginine is a FAA with crucial roles in protein deposition and the immune response. In mammals, supplementation of arginine's precursor amino acid, citrulline, is known to increase circulating arginine to levels beyond direct arginine supplementation, however, citrulline supplementation is poorly studied in fish. To address this knowledge gap, we supplemented the diet of rainbow trout with arginine and its precursor amino acids, ornithine and citrulline, at 3 levels (0.5%, 1% and 2% of the total diet) during a 14-week experiment. We sampled fish at 3 h and 24 h post-feeding to investigate immediate and steady-state effects, respectively. There were no differences in fish growth for any of the diets across a range of indicators. In blood plasma, out of 26 amino acids detected, 11 and 6 displayed significant changes 24 h and 3 h post-prandial, respectively. Arginine, ornithine and citrulline levels were all significantly increased by the citrulline supplemented diets. In muscle, 8 amino acids were significantly altered by supplemented diets, while there were no significant changes in liver. Arginine was increased by 2% citrulline supplementation in muscle tissue. We also investigated the transcriptional responses of urea cycle, nitric oxide cycle and rate-limiting polyamine synthesis enzymes, related to arginine's metabolism, in liver. At both time points, only 2 enzymes were significantly altered by the supplemented diets, however several significant changes were observed comparing 3 h and 24 h post-prandial expression levels. Of these, the paralogous polyamine synthesis enzyme encoding genes ODC1 and ODC2 displayed the largest increases in 3 h post-prandial fish. These findings demonstrate that endogenous synthesis of arginine is possible from a citrulline supplemented diet and improve our understanding of arginine metabolism in fish.

中文翻译:

虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)中补充精氨酸,鸟氨酸和瓜氨酸:对生长,血浆中氨基酸水平和肝组织基因表达反应的影响。

功能氨基酸(FAA)调节与健康,生存,生长和发育直接相关的代谢途径。精氨酸是一种FAA,在蛋白质沉积和免疫反应中起关键作用。在哺乳动物中,补充精氨酸的前体氨基酸瓜氨酸会增加循环精氨酸的水平,使其超过直接补充精氨酸的水平,但是,在鱼类中对瓜氨酸的补充研究很少。为了解决这一知识鸿沟,我们在14周的实验中以3种水平(分别占总饮食的0.5%,1%和2%)补充了精氨酸及其前体氨基酸鸟氨酸和瓜氨酸补充虹鳟鱼的饮食。我们分别在喂食后3小时和24小时对鱼进行了采样,以分别研究立即和稳态的影响。在一系列指标中,任何饮食的鱼类生长都没有差异。在血浆中,检测到的26种氨基酸中,有11种和6种分别在餐后24小时和3小时显示出显着变化。补充瓜氨酸的饮食可使精氨酸,鸟氨酸和瓜氨酸的含量均显着增加。在肌肉中,补充饮食可显着改变8种氨基酸,而肝脏则无明显变化。在肌肉组织中,添加2%瓜氨酸可增加精氨酸的含量。我们还研究了与精氨酸代谢有关的尿素循环,一氧化氮循环和限速多胺合成酶的转录反应。在两个时间点,补充饮食均仅显着改变2种酶,但是与餐后3小时和24小时相比,观察到一些显着变化。这些,在餐后3小时内,编码基因ODC1和ODC2的多源多胺合成酶显示出最大的增加。这些发现表明,可以从瓜氨酸补充饮食中进行精氨酸的内源性合成,并提高了我们对鱼类精氨酸代谢的了解。
更新日期:2019-12-05
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