Owing to their tunable direct bandgap, high charge carrier mobility, and unique in-plane anisotropic structure, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have emerged as one of the most important candidates among the 2D materials beyond graphene. However, the poor ambient stability of black phosphorus limits its practical application, due to the chemical degradation of phosphorus atoms to phosphorus oxides in the presence of oxygen and/or water. Chemical functionalization is demonstrated as an efficient approach to enhance the ambient stability of BPNSs. Herein, various covalent strategies including radical addition, nitrene addition, nucleophilic substitution, and metal coordination are summarized. In addition, efficient noncovalent functionalization methods such as van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, and cation-π interactions are described in detail. Furthermore, the preparations, characterization, and diverse applications of functionalized BPNSs in various fields are recapped. The challenges faced and future directions for the chemical functionalization of BPNSs are also highlighted.

中文翻译：

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二维黑磷纳米片化学功能化的最新进展。

由于其可调节的直接带隙、高载流子迁移率和独特的面内各向异性结构，黑磷纳米片（BPNS）已成为除石墨烯之外的二维材料中最重要的候选材料之一。然而，由于黑磷在氧气和/或水存在下会化学降解为磷氧化物，因此黑磷的环境稳定性差限制了其实际应用。化学功能化被证明是增强 BPNS 环境稳定性的有效方法。在此，总结了各种共价策略，包括自由基加成、氮宾加成、亲核取代和金属配位。此外，还详细描述了有效的非共价功能化方法，例如范德华相互作用、静电相互作用和阳离子-π相互作用。此外，还回顾了功能化 BPNS 在各个领域的制备、表征和多样化应用。还强调了 BPNS 化学功能化面临的挑战和未来方向。