The nervous and immune systems use bi-directional communication to control host responses against microbial pathogens. Recent studies at the interface of the two systems have highlighted important roles of the nervous system in the regulation of both microbicidal pathways and pathogen avoidance behaviors. Studies on the neural circuits in the simple model host Caenorhabditis elegans have significantly improved our understanding of the roles of conserved neural mechanisms in controlling innate immunity. Moreover, behavioral studies have advanced our understanding of how the nervous system may sense potential pathogens and consequently elicit pathogen avoidance, reducing the risk of infection. In this review, we discuss the neural circuits that regulate both behavioral immunity and molecular immunity in C. elegans.

中文翻译：

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秀丽隐杆线虫的行为和分子防御的神经控制。

神经和免疫系统使用双向通讯来控制宿主对微生物病原体的反应。在这两个系统的界面上的最新研究突出了神经系统在杀微生物途径和病原体回避行为的调节中的重要作用。对简单模型宿主秀丽隐杆线虫中的神经回路的研究大大提高了我们对保守神经机制在控制先天免疫中的作用的理解。此外，行为研究已经使我们对神经系统如何感知潜在的病原体并因此引发病原体回避的方式有了更深入的了解，从而降低了感染的风险。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了调节秀丽隐杆线虫的行为免疫和分子免疫的神经回路。