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Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in aging induces hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling and chronic yet reversible neural dysfunction.
Science Translational Medicine ( IF 17.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 , DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8283
Vladimir V Senatorov 1, 2 , Aaron R Friedman 1, 2 , Dan Z Milikovsky 3 , Jonathan Ofer 3 , Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy 3 , Adiel Charbash 3 , Naznin Jahan 2, 4 , Gregory Chin 4 , Eszter Mihaly 5 , Jessica M Lin 2 , Harrison J Ramsay 2 , Ariana Moghbel 4 , Marcela K Preininger 4 , Chelsy R Eddings 4 , Helen V Harrison 6 , Rishi Patel 4 , Yishuo Shen 4 , Hana Ghanim 4 , Huanjie Sheng 2 , Ronel Veksler 3 , Peter H Sudmant 2 , Albert Becker 7 , Barry Hart 8 , Michael A Rogawski 9 , Andrew Dillin 10 , Alon Friedman 3, 11 , Daniela Kaufer 1, 2, 12
Affiliation  

Aging involves a decline in neural function that contributes to cognitive impairment and disease. However, the mechanisms underlying the transition from a young-and-healthy to aged-and-dysfunctional brain are not well understood. Here, we report breakdown of the vascular blood-brain barrier (BBB) in aging humans and rodents, which begins as early as middle age and progresses to the end of the life span. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function manipulations show that this BBB dysfunction triggers hyperactivation of transforming growth factor–β (TGFβ) signaling in astrocytes, which is necessary and sufficient to cause neural dysfunction and age-related pathology in rodents. Specifically, infusion of the serum protein albumin into the young rodent brain (mimicking BBB leakiness) induced astrocytic TGFβ signaling and an aged brain phenotype including aberrant electrocorticographic activity, vulnerability to seizures, and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, conditional genetic knockdown of astrocytic TGFβ receptors or pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signaling reversed these symptomatic outcomes in aged mice. Last, we found that this same signaling pathway is activated in aging human subjects with BBB dysfunction. Our study identifies dysfunction in the neurovascular unit as one of the earliest triggers of neurological aging and demonstrates that the aging brain may retain considerable latent capacity, which can be revitalized by therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ signaling.



中文翻译:

衰老中的血脑屏障功能障碍会诱导TGFβ信号过度活化和慢性但可逆的神经功能障碍。

衰老涉及神经功能的下降,导致认知障碍和疾病。但是,从年轻而健康的大脑过渡到年老和功能障碍的大脑的潜在机制尚不十分清楚。在这里,我们报道了衰老的人类和啮齿动物中血管血脑屏障(BBB)的分解,这种分解最早始于中年,一直持续到生命的尽头。功能获得和功能丧失操纵表明,这种BBB功能障碍触发了星形胶质细胞中转化生长因子-β(TGFβ)信号的过度激活,这对于引起啮齿动物神经功能障碍和与年龄相关的病理是必要且充分的。具体来说,向年轻的啮齿动物脑中注入血清蛋白白蛋白(模仿BBB漏血)会诱导星形胶质细胞TGFβ信号传导和老年脑表型,包括异常的脑皮层活动,癫痫发作易感性和认知障碍。此外,星形细胞TGFβ受体的条件遗传敲低或TGFβ信号传导的药理抑制作用可逆转老年小鼠的这些症状。最后,我们发现在患有BBB功能障碍的衰老人类受试者中,该相同的信号通路被激活。我们的研究确定神经血管单位功能障碍是神经衰老的最早诱因之一,并表明衰老的大脑可能保留相当大的潜在能力,可以通过治疗性抑制TGFβ信号来恢复活力。易患癫痫发作和认知障碍。此外,星形细胞TGFβ受体的条件遗传敲低或TGFβ信号传导的药理抑制作用可逆转老年小鼠的这些症状。最后,我们发现在患有BBB功能障碍的衰老人类受试者中,该相同的信号通路被激活。我们的研究确定神经血管单位功能障碍是神经衰老的最早诱因之一,并表明衰老的大脑可能保留相当大的潜在能力,可以通过治疗性抑制TGFβ信号来恢复活力。易患癫痫发作和认知障碍。此外,星形细胞TGFβ受体的条件遗传敲低或TGFβ信号传导的药理抑制作用可逆转老年小鼠的这些症状。最后,我们发现在患有BBB功能障碍的衰老人类受试者中,该相同的信号通路被激活。我们的研究确定神经血管单位功能障碍是神经衰老的最早诱因之一,并表明衰老的大脑可能保留相当大的潜在能力,可以通过治疗性抑制TGFβ信号来恢复活力。我们发现,在具有BBB功能障碍的衰老人类受试者中,该相同的信号通路被激活。我们的研究确定神经血管单位功能障碍是神经衰老的最早诱因之一,并表明衰老的大脑可能保留相当大的潜在能力,可以通过治疗性抑制TGFβ信号来恢复活力。我们发现,在具有BBB功能障碍的衰老人类受试者中,该相同的信号通路被激活。我们的研究确定神经血管单位功能障碍是神经衰老的最早诱因之一,并表明衰老的大脑可能保留相当大的潜在能力,可以通过治疗性抑制TGFβ信号来恢复活力。

更新日期:2019-12-05
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