INTRODUCTION Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a disorder that can have devastating and long lasting effects on a person's medical, mental and psychosocial well-being, thus negatively impacting quality of life. There is currently no validated dysphagia-specific quality of life instrument in Norway. This project aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the culturally adapted Norwegian version of SWAL-QOL (Nor-SWAL-QOL). METHODS The original SWAL-QOL was translated into Norwegian according the international translation guidelines. A group of 102 persons with OD and a group of 123 healthy controls were recruited to assess the validity and reliability of the Nor-SWAL-QOL. Correlation analysis of the Nor-SWAL-QOL and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and correlation analysis of OD group and control group Nor-SWAL-QOL subscale scores were computed to determine convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity which help comprise construct validity. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed for reliability. RESULTS Convergent and discriminant validity was demonstrated between Nor-SWAL-QOL subscales and SF-36 domains, and distinguished between persons with and those without oropharyngeal dysphagia on all subscales and on the symptom frequency battery (p < 0.001). Additionally, the Nor-SWAL-QOL differentiated between symptom severity levels within the OD group; those requiring food and liquid modifications and those who are tube fed and not tube fed. Nor-SWAL-QOL showed good reliability with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥0.70), test-retest reliability (Spearman's rho values 0.68-0.90) and ICC values (0.67-0.89) for all subscales and for the symptom frequency battery. CONCLUSION Access to valid and reliable dysphagia-specific QoL outcome measures for health care practitioners, dysphagia clinicians and researchers is necessary for comprehensive assessment and treatment outcome measures. The Nor-SWAL-QOL exhibits sufficient psychometric properties for implementation in the Norwegian population.

中文翻译：

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挪威语版本的吞咽生活质量问卷（SWAL-QOL）的文化适应性和验证。

引言口咽吞咽困难（OD）是一种疾病，可能对人的医疗，心理和社会心理健康造成毁灭性和长期的影响，从而对生活质量产生负面影响。挪威目前没有经过验证的吞咽困难特定的生活质量衡量工具。该项目旨在评估适应文化的挪威版本SWAL-QOL（Nor-SWAL-QOL）的心理测量特性。方法原始的SWAL-QOL根据国际翻译指南翻译成挪威语。招募了102名OD患者和123名健康对照者，以评估Nor-SWAL-QOL的有效性和可靠性。计算Nor-SWAL-QOL和简短表格36（SF-36）的相关性分析以及OD组和对照组Nor-SWAL-QOL子量表得分的相关性分析，以确定收敛，区分和已知组的有效性，这有助于包括结构效度。计算内部一致性，重测信度和类内相关系数（ICC）的信度。结果在Nor-SWAL-QOL分量表和SF-36域之间证实了收敛性和判别性，并在所有分量表和症状频率电池上区分有和没有口咽性吞咽困难的人之间的差异（p <0.001）。另外，Nor-SWAL-QOL在OD组内的症状严重程度水平之间进行了区分。那些需要食物和液体改良的食物，以及那些用管饲而不用管饲的人。Nor-SWAL-QOL在所有分量表和症状频率电池上均显示出良好的可靠性，并具有足够的内部一致性（Cronbach'sα≥0.70），重测可靠性（Spearman的rho值0.68-0.90）和ICC值（0.67-0.89）。结论对于医疗从业人员，吞咽困难临床医生和研究人员而言，获得有效且可靠的吞咽困难特定的QoL结局指标对于全面评估和治疗结局指标是必要的。Nor-SWAL-QOL具有足够的心理计量特性，可以在挪威人口中实施。结论对于医疗从业人员，吞咽困难临床医生和研究人员而言，获得有效且可靠的吞咽困难特定的QoL结局指标对于全面评估和治疗结局指标是必要的。Nor-SWAL-QOL具有足够的心理计量特性，可以在挪威人口中实施。结论对于医疗从业人员，吞咽困难临床医生和研究人员而言，获得有效且可靠的吞咽困难特定QoL结局指标对于全面评估和治疗结局指标是必要的。Nor-SWAL-QOL具有足够的心理计量特性，可以在挪威人口中实施。