BACKGROUND Ethiopia initiated antiretroviral therapy early in 2005. Managing and detecting antiretroviral treatment response is important to monitor the effectiveness of medication and possible drug switching for low immune reconstitution. There is less recovery of CD4+ T cells among human immunodeficiency virus patients infected with tuberculosis. Hence, we aimed to assess the effect of tuberculosis and other determinant factors of immunological response among human immunodeficiency virus patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. A retrospective follow up study was conducted from October to July 2019. A total of 393 participants were enrolled. An interviewer based questionnaire was used for data collection. Patient charts were used to extract clinical data and follow up results of the CD4+ T cell. Current CD4+ T cell counts of patients were performed. STATA 13 software was used to analyze the data. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. RESULTS The mean age of study participants was 39.2 years (SD: + 12.2 years) with 8.32 mean years of follow up. The overall prevalence of immune reconstitution failure was 24.7% (97/393). Highest failure rate occurred within the first year of follow up time, 15.7 per 100 Person-year. Failure of CD4+ T cells reconstitution was higher among tuberculosis coinfected patients (48.8%) than mono-infected patients (13.7%). Living in an urban residence, baseline CD4+ T cell count ≤250 cells/mm3, poor treatment adherence and tuberculosis infection were significantly associated with the immunological failure. CONCLUSIONS There was a high rate of CD4+ T cells reconstitution failure among our study participants. Tuberculosis infection increased the rate of failure. Factors like low CD4+ T cell baseline count, poor adherence and urban residence were associated with the immunological failure. There should be strict monitoring of CD4+ T cell counts among individuals with tuberculosis coinfection.

中文翻译：

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埃塞俄比亚东部提格拉伊阿迪格拉特综合医院采用高效抗逆转录病毒疗法治疗结核病对HIV患者免疫重建的影响；2019年：回顾性随访研究。

背景技术埃塞俄比亚于2005年初启动了抗逆转录病毒疗法。管理和检测抗逆转录病毒疗法的反应对于监测药物的有效性和可能的​​药物转换以降低免疫重建非常重要。在感染了结核病的人类免疫缺陷病毒患者中，CD4 + T细胞的恢复较少。因此，我们旨在评估高免疫力抗逆转录病毒疗法对人免疫缺陷病毒患者的结核病和免疫反应的其他决定性因素的影响。回顾性随访研究于2019年10月至2019年7月进行。共有393名参与者参加了研究。基于访调员的问卷用于数据收集。患者图表用于提取临床数据并跟踪CD4 + T细胞的结果。进行了患者的当前CD4 + T细胞计数。使用STATA 13软件分析数据。P值≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果研究参与者的平均年龄为39.2岁（标准差：+12.2岁），平均随访年限为8.32年。免疫重建失败的总患病率为24.7％（97/393）。最高失效率发生在随访时间的第一年，即每100人年15.7。合并感染结核病的患者中，CD4 + T细胞重建失败的比例更高（48.8％），高于单纯感染的患者（13.7％）。生活在城市居民区中，基线CD4 + T细胞计数≤250细胞/ mm3，治疗依从性差和肺结核感染与免疫功能衰竭显着相关。结论在我们的研究参与者中，CD4 + T细胞的重建失败率很高。结核感染增加了失败率。CD4 + T细胞基线计数低，依从性差和居住环境差等因素与免疫功能衰竭有关。结核合并感染个体中应严格监测CD4 + T细胞计数。