BACKGROUND Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits have been associated consistently with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Less is known about how these traits are associated with functioning in specific domains of cognitive function in older adulthood. METHODS Participants (N = 2865) were drawn from the 2016 Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol sub-study of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Participants completed a battery of cognitive tasks that measured performance in five domains: Memory (eight tasks), speed-attention-executive (five tasks), visuospatial ability (three tasks), fluency (one task), and numeric reasoning (one task). Participants completed an FFM personality measure as part of the regular HRS assessment in either 2014 or 2016. Linear regression was used to examine the association between the traits and each cognitive task and composite scores for the five domains, controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education. We also tested whether the associations were moderated by these sociodemographic factors or mental status. RESULTS Neuroticism was associated with worse performance on all of the cognitive tasks. Conscientiousness was associated with better performance across all five cognitive domains, although not necessarily with every task. Openness and Agreeableness were associated with better performance in all domains, except for numeric reasoning. Extraversion was associated with better speed-attention-executive and fluency. There was no robust evidence that the association between personality and cognition was moderated by sociodemographic characteristics or global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Personality traits have pervasive associations with functioning across five cognitive domains. Consistent with the literature on personality and risk of ADRD, Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were associated with cognitive performance in the expected direction in all domains. Extraversion was the only trait that showed domain-specific associations. The present research supports models of personality and health in the context of cognition and suggests that personality is associated with intermediate markers of cognitive health.

中文翻译：

---

成年后五个领域的五因素模型人格特征和认知功能。

背景技术五因素模型（FFM）的人格特征一直与阿尔茨海默氏病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的风险相关。这些特征如何与成年后认知功能的特定领域的功能相关的知之甚少。方法参与者（N = 2865）来自健康与退休研究（HRS）的2016年协调认知评估协议子研究。参与者完成了一系列认知任务，这些任务在五个领域中测量了绩效：记忆（八个任务），速度注意力执行（五个任务），视觉空间能力（三个任务），流利性（一个任务）和数字推理（一个任务） 。参加者于2014或2016年完成了一项FFM人格测度，作为常规HRS评估的一部分。线性回归用于检验特征与每个认知任务之间的关联以及五个领域的综合得分，控制年龄，性别，种族，种族和教育程度。我们还测试了这些关联是否受这些社会人口因素或精神状态的影响。结果神经质与在所有认知任务中表现较差有关。尽职尽责与在所有五个认知领域中都有更好的表现相关联，尽管不一定与每项任务都相关。除数字推理外，开放性和宜人性在所有领域中都具有更好的性能。外向性与更好的速度注意力执行和流利度有关。没有有力的证据表明人格与认知之间的联系是由社会人口统计学特征或整体认知功能来调节的。结论人格特质与五个认知领域的功能普遍相关。与关于ADRD的人格和风险的文献一致，神经质和尽责性在所有领域均与预期表现的认知表现相关。外向性是显示特定领域关联的唯一特征。本研究支持认知背景下的人格与健康模型，并建议人格与认知健康的中间标记相关。与有关人格和ADRD风险的文献一致，神经质和尽责性在所有领域均与预期表现的认知表现相关。外向性是显示特定领域关联的唯一特征。本研究支持认知背景下的人格与健康模型，并建议人格与认知健康的中间标记相关。与有关人格和ADRD风险的文献一致，神经质和尽责性在所有领域均与预期表现的认知表现相关。外向性是唯一显示特定领域关联的特征。本研究支持认知背景下的人格与健康模型，并建议人格与认知健康的中间标记相关。