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Molecular cytogenetics of valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic pasture grass species from the Aveneae/Poeae tribe complex (Poaceae).
BMC Genetics ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-04 , DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0792-2
Alexandra V Amosova 1 , Svyatoslav A Zoshchuk 1 , Alexander V Rodionov 2 , Lilit Ghukasyan 1 , Tatiana E Samatadze 1 , Elizaveta O Punina 2 , Igor G Loskutov 3 , Olga Yu Yurkevich 1 , Olga V Muravenko 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Grasslands in the Arctic tundra undergo irreversible degradation due to climatic changes and also over-exploitation and depletion of scarce resources. Comprehensive investigations of cytogenomic structures of valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic grassland species is essential for clarifying their genetic peculiarities and phylogenetic relationships, and also successful developing new forage grass cultivars with high levels of adaptation, stable productivity and longevity. We performed molecular cytogenetic characterization of insufficiently studied pasture grass species (Poaceae) from related genera representing two neighboring clades: 1) Deschampsia and Holcus; 2) Alopecurus, Arctagrostis and Beckmannia, which are the primary fodder resources in the Arctic tundra. RESULTS We constructed the integrated schematic maps of distribution of these species in the northern, central and eastern parts of Eurasia based on the currently available data as only scattered data on their occurrence is currently available. The species karyotypes were examined with the use of DAPI-banding, multicolour FISH with 35S rDNA, 5S rDNA and the (GTT)9 microsatellite motif and also sequential rapid multocolour GISH with genomic DNAs of Deschampsia sukatschewii, Deschampsia flexuosa and Holcus lanatus belonging to one of the studied clades. Cytogenomic structures of the species were specified; peculiarities and common features of their genomes were revealed. Different chromosomal rearrangements were detected in Beckmannia syzigachne, Deschampsia cespitosa and D. flexuosa; B chromosomes with distinct DAPI-bands were observed in karyotypes of D. cespitosa and H. lanatus. CONCLUSIONS The peculiarities of distribution patterns of the examined chromosomal markers and also presence of common homologous DNA repeats in karyotypes of the studies species allowed us to verify their relationships. The obtained unique data on distribution areas and cytogenomic structures of the valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic pasture species are important for further genetic and biotechnological studies and also plant breeding progress.

中文翻译:

Aveneae / Poeae部落群(禾本科)中有价值的北极和亚北极牧场草种的分子细胞遗传学。

背景技术由于气候变化以及稀有资源的过度开发和枯竭,北极苔原的草原遭受了不可逆转的退化。全面研究珍贵的北极和亚北极草原物种的细胞基因组结构,对于阐明它们的遗传特性和系统发育关系,以及成功开发适应性强,生产力稳定和寿命长的新牧草品种至关重要。我们对代表两个相邻进化枝的相关属的未充分研究的牧草物种(禾本科)进行了分子细胞遗传学表征:2)Alopecurus,Arctagrostis和Beckmannia是北极冻原的主要饲料资源。结果我们根据目前可获得的数据构建了这些物种在欧亚大陆北部,中部和东部的分布的综合示意图,因为目前仅存在有关其发生的零星数据。使用DAPI条带,具有35S rDNA,5S rDNA和(GTT)9微卫星基序的多色FISH以及具有基因组DNA的Deschampsia sukatschewii,Deschampsia flexuosa和Holcus lanatus的连续多色GISH来检查物种的核型。研究的进化枝。明确了该物种的细胞基因组结构;他们的基因组的特点和共同特征被揭示。在德国贝克曼氏菌,德国拟南芥和屈挠线虫中检测到不同的染色体重排。在cespitosa和H. lanatus的核型中观察到具有不同DAPI带的B染色体。结论所研究的染色体标记的分布模式的独特性以及研究物种的核型中常见同源DNA重复序列的存在使我们能够验证它们之间的关系。获得的宝贵的北极和亚北极牧草物种分布区域和细胞基因组结构的独特数据对于进一步的遗传和生物技术研究以及植物育种进展都具有重要意义。
更新日期:2019-12-04
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