Background Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the most severe global threats to human and veterinary Medicine. colistin is an effective therapeutic agent against multi-drug-resistant pathogens. However, the discovery of transferable plasmids that confer resistance to colistin (mcr-1) has led to challenges in medical science. This study describes the role of wild birds in the harbouring and environmental spread of colistin-resistant bacteria, which could pose a potential hazard to human and animal health. Methods In total, 140 faecal samples from wild birds (migratory and resident birds) were tested. Twenty surface water samples were collected from the area in which wild bird trapping was conducted, and 50 human stool samples were collected from individuals residing near the surface water sources and farm buildings. Isolation and identification of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the different samples were performed using conventional culture techniques and biochemical identification. PCR amplification of the mcr genes was performed in all positive isolates. Sequencing of mcr-1 genes from three randomly selected E. coli carrying mcr-1 isolates; wild birds, water and humans was performed. Result The bacteriological examination of the samples showing isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca and P. aeruginosa. The results of multiplex PCR of the mcr genes revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent gram-negative bacterium harbouring the mcr genes, whereas a low prevalence was observed for K. pneumoniae. The prevalence of mcr-1 in resident birds, migratory birds, water sources and humans were 10.4, 20,16.6 and 9.6% while the prevalence of mcr-2 were 1.4, 3.6, 11.1 and 9.6%, respectively. Sequencing of the mcr-1 gene from the three E. coli carrying mcr-1 isolates indicated a possible correlation between the wild bird and surface water isolates. Conclusion The detection of mcr-1-positive bacteria in wild birds in Egypt indicates the possible environmental dissemination of this gene through bird activity. The impact of the interaction between domestic and wild animals on public health cannot be overlooked.

中文翻译：

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埃及野生鸟类中大肠菌素抗性基因（mcr-1和mcr-2）的证据及其在埃及的公共卫生意义。

背景技术抗菌素耐药性已成为对人类和兽医学最严重的全球性威胁之一。大肠菌素是对抗多种耐药病原体的有效治疗剂。但是，发现对大肠菌素（mcr-1）具有抗性的可转移质粒的发现已引起医学界的挑战。这项研究描述了野生鸟类在抵抗粘菌素的细菌的庇护和环境传播中的作用，这可能对人类和动物健康构成潜在危害。方法总共对140份野生鸟类（迁徙鸟类和常住鸟类）的粪便样本进行了测试。从进行野生鸟类诱捕的区域收集了20个地表水样品，并从地表水源和农场建筑物附近的居民那里收集了50个人类粪便样品。使用常规培养技术和生化鉴定从不同样品中分离和鉴定肠杆菌科细菌和铜绿假单胞菌。在所有阳性分离物中都进行了mcr基因的PCR扩增。从三个随机选择的携带mcr-1分离株的大肠杆菌中对mcr-1基因进行测序；表演了野生鸟类，水和人类。结果样品的细菌学检查显示有大肠杆菌，肺炎克雷伯菌，产氧克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌的分离株。mcr基因的多重PCR结果表明，大肠杆菌是携带mcr基因的最普遍的革兰氏阴性细菌，而肺炎克雷伯菌的患病率很低。在居民鸟，候鸟，水源和人类中，mcr-1的患病率分别为10.4、20、16.6和9。6％，而mcr-2的患病率分别为1.4、3.6、11.1和9.6％。从三个携带mcr-1分离株的大肠杆菌中分离mcr-1基因的序列表明，野生鸟类和地表水分离株之间可能存在相关性。结论在埃及野生鸟类中检测到mcr-1阳性细菌表明该基因可能通过鸟类活动在环境中传播。家畜和野生动物之间的相互作用对公共卫生的影响不容忽视。结论在埃及野生鸟类中检测到mcr-1阳性细菌表明该基因可能通过鸟类活动在环境中传播。家畜和野生动物之间的相互作用对公共卫生的影响不容忽视。结论在埃及野生鸟类中检测到mcr-1阳性细菌表明该基因可能通过鸟类活动在环境中传播。家畜和野生动物之间的相互作用对公共卫生的影响不容忽视。