Many medical centers in the United States have implemented pharmacogenomics (PGx) programs to integrate PGx into clinical practice. The roles of pharmacists in optimizing medication use based on genetic testing results are emergently evolving. A literature search was conducted to assess pharmacists' roles in pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics or precision/personalized medicine programs. Fifteen PGx pharmacy practice models implemented in eleven hospitals and one community pharmacy in the U.S. were selected for evaluation. Pharmacists perform results interpretation, genotype-guided medication selection and adjustment, medication acquisition, adverse reactions monitoring, and patient education. Institutions that are interested in implementing a PGx program should plan the strategies to overcome the challenges, such as educational knowledge gaps, informatics, and reimbursement issues. Strong institutional support, well-defined goals, standardized procedures, and strategies to educate clinicians and patients are the prerequisites to comprehensively deliver genomic data for individualized drug therapy.

中文翻译：

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药剂师将药物基因组学整合到临床实践中的机会。

美国许多医疗中心已经实施了药物基因组学（PGx）计划，以将PGx整合到临床实践中。药剂师在根据基因检测结果优化药物使用方面的作用正在不断发展。进行了文献检索，以评估药剂师在药物遗传学/药物基因组学或精密/个性化医学计划中的作用。选择了在美国11家医院和一家社区药房实施的15种PGx药房实践模型进行评估。药剂师执行结果解释，基因型指导的药物选择和调整，药物获取，不良反应监测以及患者教育。有兴趣实施PGx计划的机构应制定应对挑战的策略，例如教育知识差距，信息学和报销问题。强大的机构支持，明确的目标，标准化的程序以及对临床医生和患者进行教育的策略，是全面交付用于个体化药物治疗的基因组数据的前提。