Nearly half of the human genome consists of endogenous retroelements (EREs) and their genetic remnants, a small fraction of which carry the potential to propagate in the host genome, posing a threat to genome integrity and cell/organismal survival. The largest family of transcription factors in tetrapods, the Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), binds to specific EREs and represses their transcription. Since their first appearance over 400 million years ago, KRAB-ZFPs have undergone dramatic expansion and diversification in mammals, correlating with the invasions of new EREs. In this article we review our current understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of KRAB-ZFPs and discuss growing evidence that the arms race between KRAB-ZFPs and the EREs they target is a major driving force for the evolution of new traits in mammals, often accompanied by domestication of EREs themselves.

中文翻译：

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KRAB-锌指蛋白与内源性逆转录元素之间的军备竞赛及其对哺乳动物的影响。

人类基因组的近一半由内源性逆转录酶（ERE）及其遗传残基组成，其中一小部分具有在宿主基因组中繁殖的潜力，对基因组完整性和细胞/生物存活构成威胁。四足动物中最大的转录因子家族，即与Krüppel相关的盒结构域锌指蛋白（KRAB-ZFP），与特定的ERE结合并抑制其转录。自从4亿多年前首次出现以来，KRAB-ZFP在哺乳动物中经历了引人注目的扩展和多样化，这与新ERE的入侵有关。在本文中，我们回顾了我们目前对结构，功能，