Vertebrate pigment patterns are diverse and fascinating adult traits that allow animals to recognize conspecifics, attract mates, and avoid predators. Pigment patterns in fish are among the most amenable traits for studying the cellular basis of adult form, as the cells that produce diverse patterns are readily visible in the skin during development. The genetic basis of pigment pattern development has been most studied in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish adults have alternating dark and light horizontal stripes, resulting from the precise arrangement of three main classes of pigment cells: black melanophores, yellow xanthophores, and iridescent iridophores. The coordination of adult pigment cell lineage specification and differentiation with specific cellular interactions and morphogenetic behaviors is necessary for stripe development. Besides providing a nice example of pattern formation responsible for an adult trait of zebrafish, stripe-forming mechanisms also provide a conceptual framework for posing testable hypotheses about pattern diversification more broadly. Here, we summarize what is known about lineages and molecular interactions required for pattern formation in zebrafish, we review some of what is known about pattern diversification in Danio, and we speculate on how patterns in more distant teleosts may have evolved to produce a stunningly diverse array of patterns in nature.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼颜料图案的形成：对成年形式的发展和演变的见解。

脊椎动物的色素图案是多种多样的且令人着迷的成年特征，它们使动物能够识别物种，吸引伴侣，并避免掠食者。鱼中的色素分布是研究成年细胞形态的最可取的特征之一，因为在发育过程中皮肤中很容易看到产生不同形态的细胞。斑马鱼斑马鱼（Danio rerio）对色素图案发展的遗传基础进行了研究最多。斑马鱼成虫具有交替的暗色和亮色水平条纹，这是由于三种主要类别的色素细胞的精确排列而产生的：黑色黑素细胞，黄色黄体细胞和虹彩虹彩。成年色素细胞谱系规范和分化与特定细胞相互作用和形态发生行为的协调对于条纹发育是必需的。除了提供一个很好的例子说明斑马鱼成年特征的模式形成外，条纹形成机制还提供了一个概念框架，可以更广泛地提出关于模式多样化的可检验假设。在这里，我们总结了关于斑马鱼模式形成所需的谱系和分子相互作用的已知知识，我们回顾了Danio中关于模式多样化的一些已知知识，并且我们推测了远距离硬骨鱼中的模式可能如何进化以产生惊人的多样性自然界中的一系列模式。