Emerging research suggests social attention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) girls is enhanced relative to ASD boys but may also be affected by the type of social and nonsocial content presented. This study examined how biological sex and gender norms interact to influence visual attention in 79 school‐aged children observing scenes that included gender‐associated toys and actors of both sexes. Attention to social (faces) and object activity (hands with toys) stimuli was measured. Previously described distinctions between social attention in ASD boys and girls were replicated, with ASD girls looking more at faces than ASD boys. Irrespective of diagnosis, males and females attended more to actors that shared their same sex, and attended more to toys with gender‐associations that were consistent with their own sex, suggesting that social and object salience increases for children under sex‐consistent conditions. Importantly, ASD and typically developing (TD) children increased their gaze to faces when male actors were shown playing with female‐associated toys, suggesting that both groups of children are sensitive to societal messages about the acceptability of males playing with female‐associated toys. Our findings provide further evidence of heightened attention to faces in ASD girls relative to ASD boys, and indicate that social attention in ASD and TD children is influenced by who (male or female actor) and what (male‐ or female‐associated toy) is being observed. Collectively, these results present a nuanced profile of attention in ASD that adds to a growing body of research indicating subtle phenotypic differences in ASD girls that may impact identification, assessment, and intervention. Autism Res 2020, 13: 763–776.. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

中文翻译：

---

社会和客体注意力受生物性和玩具性别一致性的影响，无论是否患有自闭症。

新兴研究表明，相对于 ASD 男孩，自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 女孩的社会关注度有所提高，但也可能受到所呈现的社会和非社会内容类型的影响。本研究调查了生理性别和性别规范如何相互作用以影响 79 名学龄儿童的视觉注意力，他们观察的场景包括与性别相关的玩具和男女演员。测量了对社交（面孔）和物体活动（拿着玩具的手）刺激的注意力。先前描述的 ASD 男孩和女孩的社会关注之间的区别被复制了，ASD 女孩比 ASD 男孩更看脸。无论诊断如何，男性和女性更多地关注同性的演员，更多地关注与自己性别一致的性别关联的玩具，表明在性别一致的条件下，儿童的社会和客体显着性会增加。重要的是，当男性演员玩与女性相关的玩具时，ASD 和正常发育 (TD) 的儿童会更多地凝视脸部，这表明这两组儿童都对关于男性玩女性相关玩具的可接受性的社会信息很敏感。我们的研究结果进一步证明了 ASD 女孩相对于 ASD 男孩对面孔的关注度更高，并表明 ASD 和 TD 儿童的社会关注受到以下因素的影响 这表明两组儿童都对关于男性玩女性玩具的可接受性的社会信息很敏感。我们的研究结果进一步证明了 ASD 女孩相对于 ASD 男孩对面孔的关注度更高，并表明 ASD 和 TD 儿童的社会关注受到以下因素的影响 这表明两组儿童都对关于男性玩女性玩具的可接受性的社会信息很敏感。我们的研究结果进一步证明了 ASD 女孩相对于 ASD 男孩对面孔的关注度更高，并表明 ASD 和 TD 儿童的社会关注受到以下因素的影响正在观察谁（男性或女性演员）和什么（与男性或女性相关的玩具）。总的来说，这些结果展示了 ASD 关注的细微差别，这增加了越来越多的研究表明 ASD 女孩的细微表型差异可能会影响识别、评估和干预。Autism Res 2020, 13: 763–776 .. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.