Abstract A reliable estimation of average wave overtopping discharge is important for dike design and safety assessment. Berms and roughness elements are widely applied to reduce the overtopping discharge over dikes. In this study, the effects of a berm and roughness on the wave overtopping discharge are investigated by means of physical model tests. New empirical formulae are derived from the analysis of the experimental data in order to provide more accurate estimations of reductive influence of berms and roughness on the wave overtopping discharge. Additionally, a new formula is developed to estimate the reductive influence of varying roughness along the waterside slopes with a berm. The new equations show a significantly better performance within the tested range when compared with existing formulae for the average overtopping discharge.

中文翻译：

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护堤和粗糙度对堤防浪溢的影响

摘要 平均波浪漫溢流量的可靠估算对于堤防设计和安全评估具有重要意义。护堤和粗糙度元素被广泛应用于减少堤防溢流。在这项研究中，通过物理模型试验研究了护堤和粗糙度对波浪漫溢放电的影响。新的经验公式是从实验数据的分析中推导出来的，以便更准确地估计护堤和粗糙度对波浪漫溢流量的减少影响。此外，还开发了一个新公式来估计沿带护堤的水边斜坡不同粗糙度的减少影响。与现有的平均溢流排放公式相比，新公式在测试范围内显示出明显更好的性能。