BACKGROUND To assess cross-cultural validity between Dutch and English versions of the FVQ_CYP, a patient-reported outcome measure developed in the United Kingdom (UK) for children and adolescents with (severe) visual impairment or blindness (VI for brevity) to measure functional vision. METHODS The 36-item FVQ_CYP was translated and adapted into Dutch using standard guidelines. The questionnaire was administered to Dutch children and adolescents aged 7-17 years (N = 253) with impaired vision (no restrictions regarding acuity). Data were compared to existing UK data of children and adolescents aged 10-15 years (N = 91) with VI (acuity LogMar worse than 0.48). As with the original UK FVQ_CYP validation, a rating scale model (RSM) was applied to the Dutch data. RESULTS Minor adaptations were needed in translation-rounds. Significant differences in item responses were found between the Dutch and UK data. Item response theory assumptions were met, but fit to the RSM was unsatisfactory. Therefore, psychometric properties of the Dutch FVQ_CYP were analysed irrespective of the original model and criteria used. A graded response model led to the removal of 12 items due to missing data, low information, overlapping content and limited relevance to Dutch children. Fit indices for the remaining 24 items were adequate. CONCLUSIONS Differences in population characteristics, distribution of responses, non-invariance at the model level and small sample sizes challenged the cross-cultural validation process. However, the Dutch adapted FVQ_CYP showed high measurement precision and broad coverage of items measuring children's functional vision. The underlying reasons for differences between countries in instrument performance are discussed with implications for future studies.

中文翻译：

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荷兰人口中有视觉障碍的儿童和年轻人功能性视觉调查表（FVQ_CYP）的跨文化验证：挑战和机遇。

背景技术为了评估FVQ_CYP的荷兰语和英语版本之间的跨文化有效性，英国（英国）开发了一种患者报告的结局指标，用于患有（严重）视力障碍或失明（简称VI）以测量功能的儿童和青少年想象。方法将36项FVQ_CYP进行翻译，并使用标准指南将其改编成荷兰语。该问卷是针对视力受损（对视力没有限制）的7-17岁荷兰儿童和青少年（N = 253）进行的。将数据与10岁至15岁（N = 91）有VI（LogMar视力差0.48）的儿童和青少年的英国现有数据进行比较。与最初的UK FVQ_CYP验证一样，将评级量表模型（RSM）应用于荷兰数据。结果在翻译轮次中需要进行少量改编。在荷兰和英国的数据之间，在项目回答方面存在显着差异。满足了项目响应理论的假设，但与RSM的拟合并不令人满意。因此，无论使用什么原始模型和标准，都对荷兰FVQ_CYP的心理测量特性进行了分析。由于缺少数据，信息少，内容重叠以及与荷兰儿童的关联性有限，分级的回应模型导致删除了12项内容。其余24个项目的适合指数就足够了。结论总体特征，响应分布，模型级别的不变性和小样本量的差异对跨文化验证过程提出了挑战。但是，荷兰语改编的FVQ_CYP显示出很高的测量精度，并且覆盖了测量儿童功能性视力的项目。