Sex is a critical factor in the diagnosis and development of a number of mental health disorders including autism, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, anorexia nervosa and others; likely due to differences in sex steroid hormones and genetics. Recent evidence suggests that sex can also influence the complexity and diversity of microbes that we harbour in our gut; and reciprocally that our gut microbes can directly and indirectly influence sex steroid hormones and central gene activation. There is a growing emphasis on the role of gastrointestinal microbiota in the maintenance of mental health and their role in the pathogenesis of disease. In this review, we introduce mechanisms by which gastrointestinal microbiota are thought to mediate positive health benefits along the gut-brain axis, we report how they may be modulated by sex, the role they play in sex steroid hormone regulation, and their sex-specific effects in various disorders relating to mental health.

中文翻译：

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你有男性：性和整个生命周期的微生物群 - 肠道脑轴

性别是许多精神健康障碍的诊断和发展的关键因素，包括自闭症、精神分裂症、抑郁症、焦虑症、帕金森病、多发性硬化症、神经性厌食症等；可能是由于性类固醇激素和遗传的差异。最近的证据表明，性别也会影响我们肠道中微生物的复杂性和多样性。反过来说，我们的肠道微生物可以直接和间接影响性类固醇激素和中枢基因的激活。人们越来越重视胃肠道微生物群在维持心理健康方面的作用及其在疾病发病机制中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了胃肠道微生物群被认为沿着肠-脑轴调节积极健康益处的机制，