BACKGROUND Mangosteen is a native fruit from Southeast Asia. It is rich in phenolic compounds such as xanthones, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. Mangosteen pericarp extract showed inhibitory activity towards pancreatic lipase and may have potential use for obesity treatment. However, there is limited study on the beneficial effects of mangosteen flesh against obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Garcinia mangostana flesh (GMF) on biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. METHODS Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into five groups (n = 8) with four groups were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks and a control group was fed with rat chow diet. Supplementation with GMF in obese rats was continued for 7 weeks starting from week 10th after the initiation of HFD at different doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). The positive and negative control rats were given distilled water via oral gavage. Plasma lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory markers were determined using commercial kits. Liver and kidney structure were defined by histology. RESULTS The rats fed with HFD for 10 weeks increased plasma LDL-cholesterol, reduced plasma glutathione peroxidase level and had significantly higher body weight compared to normal control rats (p < 0.05). Obese rats also showed elevated level of TNF-α and IL-6 after 17 weeks of HFD. Supplementation with GMF for 7 weeks in obese rats reduced their body weight, improved lipid profile, increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase level and lowered plasma pro-inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6) (p < 0.05). In addition, GMF supplementation attenuated the abnormalities of the liver and kidney tissue caused by high fat diet. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings suggest that supplementation of Garcinia mangostana flesh may help in reducing body weight and has the potential to ameliorate the biochemical changes of the high fat diet-induced obesity in rats. Further studies on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic are required before the results are translated to human.

中文翻译：

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山竹（Garcinia mangostana）肉补充剂可减轻高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠肝脏和肾脏的生化和形态变化。

背景山竹果是来自东南亚的本地水果。它含有丰富的酚类化合物，例如黄嘌呤，花青素和酚酸。山竹果皮提取物显示出对胰腺脂肪酶的抑制活性，可能具有用于肥胖症治疗的潜在用途。然而，关于山竹果肉对肥胖的有益作用的研究还很有限。这项研究旨在调查藤黄果肉（GMF）对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠肝脏和肾脏的生化和形态变化的影响。方法将40只健康Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为5组（n = 8），四组给予高脂饮食（HFD），持续10周，对照组给予大鼠食物。从不同剂量（200 mg / kg，400 mg / kg和600 mg / kg）的HFD起始后第10周起，继续在肥胖大鼠中补充GMF 7周。阳性和阴性对照大鼠通过管饲法给予蒸馏水。使用商业试剂盒测定血浆脂质谱，抗氧化酶和促炎标志物。肝和肾的结构由组织学定义。结果与正常对照组相比，喂食HFD 10周的大鼠血浆LDL-胆固醇升高，血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平降低，体重显着升高（p <0.05）。肥胖大鼠在HFD治疗17周后还表现出TNF-α和IL-6升高的水平。在肥胖大鼠中补充GMF 7周可减轻体重，改善血脂，增加了总抗氧化剂能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平，并降低了血浆促炎性标志物（TNF-α和IL-6）（p <0.05）。此外，补充GMF可以减轻高脂饮食引起的肝和肾组织异常。结论综上所述，研究结果表明，补充藤黄果肉可以帮助减轻体重，并具有改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症大鼠生化变化的潜力。在将结果转化为人类之前，需要对药效学和药代动力学进行进一步的研究。研究结果表明，补充藤黄果肉可以帮助减轻体重，并具有改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症大鼠生化变化的潜力。在将结果转化为人类之前，需要对药效学和药代动力学进行进一步的研究。研究结果表明，补充藤黄果肉可以帮助减轻体重，并具有改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症大鼠生化变化的潜力。在将结果转化为人类之前，需要对药效学和药代动力学进行进一步的研究。