Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is closely related to other human pathogens, such as dengue virus (DENV)1. Primary transmission usually involves Aedes aegypti, which has expanded its distribution range considerably2, although rarer infection routes, including mother-to-fetus transmission, sexual contact and blood transfusion, have also been observed3-7. Primary ZIKV infection is usually asymptomatic or mild in adults, with quickly resolved blood viraemia, but ZIKV might persist for months in saliva, urine, semen, breast milk and the central nervous system8-12. During a recent ZIKV outbreak in South America, substantial numbers of neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, were reported13,14 together with cases of microcephaly and associated developmental problems in infants born to women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy15-20, highlighting the clinical importance of this infection. Analyses of the human immune response to ZIKV are lacking21-28, but the recent outbreak has provided an opportunity to assess ZIKV immunity using current immunological methods. Here, we comprehensively assess the acute innate and adaptive immune response to ZIKV infection in ten women who were recruited during early infection and followed through reconvalescence. We define a cascade of events that lead to immunological control of ZIKV, with previous exposure to DENV impacting some, but not all, mediators of antiviral immunity.

中文翻译：

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急性寨卡病毒感染妇女的先天和适应性免疫反应的演变。

寨卡病毒 (ZIKV) 是一种与其他人类病原体密切相关的黄病毒，例如登革热病毒 (DENV)1。主要传播通常涉及埃及伊蚊，其分布范围已大大扩大 2，但也观察到了罕见的感染途径，包括母婴传播、性接触和输血 3-7。原发性 ZIKV 感染在成人中通常无症状或轻微，血液病毒血症很快消退，但 ZIKV 可能会在唾液、尿液、精液、母乳和中枢神经系统中持续数月8-12。最近在南美洲爆发 ZIKV 期间，报告了大量神经系统并发症，例如吉兰-巴雷综合征 13，14 以及怀孕期间感染 ZIKV 的妇女所生婴儿的小头畸形和相关发育问题的病例 15-20，突出了这种感染的临床重要性。缺乏对 ZIKV 的人类免疫反应的分析21-28，但最近的爆发提供了使用当前免疫学方法评估 ZIKV 免疫的机会。在这里，我们全面评估了在早期感染期间招募并随后康复的 10 名女性对 ZIKV 感染的急性先天性和适应性免疫反应。我们定义了导致 ZIKV 免疫控制的一系列事件，之前接触 DENV 会影响一些（但不是全部）抗病毒免疫介质。但最近的爆发提供了使用当前免疫学方法评估 ZIKV 免疫力的机会。在这里，我们全面评估了在早期感染期间招募并随后康复的 10 名女性对 ZIKV 感染的急性先天性和适应性免疫反应。我们定义了导致 ZIKV 免疫控制的一系列事件，之前接触 DENV 会影响一些（但不是全部）抗病毒免疫介质。但最近的爆发提供了使用当前免疫学方法评估 ZIKV 免疫力的机会。在这里，我们全面评估了在早期感染期间招募并随后康复的 10 名女性对 ZIKV 感染的急性先天性和适应性免疫反应。我们定义了导致 ZIKV 免疫控制的一系列事件，之前接触 DENV 会影响一些（但不是全部）抗病毒免疫介质。