Super-resolution microscopy refers to a powerful set of imaging techniques that overcome the diffraction limit. Some of these techniques, the importance of which was recognized by the 2014 Nobel Prize for chemistry, are based on the concept of image reconstruction by spatially sparse sampling. Here, we introduce the concept of super-resolution spectroscopy based on sparse sampling in the frequency domain, and show that this can be naturally achieved using a random laser source. In its chaotic regime, the emission spectrum of a random laser features sharp spikes at uncorrelated frequencies that are sparsely distributed over the emission bandwidth. These narrow lasing modes probe stochastically the spectral response of a sample, allowing it to be reconstructed with a resolution exceeding that of the spectrometer. We envision that the proposed technique will inspire a new generation of simple, cheap, high-resolution spectroscopy tools with a reduced footprint.

超分辨率显微镜是指克服衍射极限的强大成像技术集。其中一些技术的重要性已获得2014年诺贝尔化学奖，这些技术基于通过空间稀疏采样进行图像重建的概念。在这里，我们介绍了基于频域中稀疏采样的超分辨率光谱学的概念，并表明可以使用随机激光源自然实现这一点。在其混沌状态下，随机激光器的发射光谱在不相关的频率上具有尖锐的尖峰，这些尖峰在发射带宽上稀疏分布。这些窄激光模式可随机探测样品的光谱响应，从而可以以超出光谱仪分辨率的分辨率对其进行重建。