Recent advances in microelectronics, microfluidics, and electrochemical sensing platforms have enabled the development of an emerging class of fully integrated personal health monitoring devices that exploit sweat to noninvasively access biomarker information. Despite such advances, effective sweat sampling remains a significant challenge for reliable biomarker analysis, with many existing methods requiring active stimulation (e.g., iontophoresis, exercise, heat). Natural perspiration offers a suitable alternative as sweat can be collected with minimal effort on the part of the user. To leverage this phenomenon, we devised a thin hydrogel micropatch (THMP), which simultaneously serves as an interface for sweat sampling and a medium for electrochemical sensing. To characterize the performance of the THMP, caffeine and lactate were selected as two representative target molecules. We demonstrated the suitability of the sampling method to track metabolic patterns, as well as to render sample-to-answer biomarker data for personal monitoring (through coupling with an electrochemical sensing system). To inform its potential application, this biomarker sampling and sensing system is incorporated within a distributed terminal-based sensing network, which uniquely capitalizes on the fingertip as a site for simultaneous biomarker data sampling and user identification.

中文翻译：

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用户可识别和无线化学/生物传感的自然汗水采样和原位电化学分析与水凝胶微补丁。

微电子学，微流体学和电化学传感平台的最新进展已使新兴的完全集成的个人健康监测设备得以开发，该设备利用汗液以非侵入方式访问生物标志物信息。尽管取得了这些进展，但是有效的汗液采样仍然是可靠的生物标记物分析的重大挑战，许多现有方法都需要主动刺激（例如离子电渗疗法，运动，加热）。自然出汗提供了一种合适的替代方法，因为用户只需付出最少的努力就可以收集汗水。为了利用这种现象，我们设计了一种薄水凝胶微贴片（THMP），它同时用作汗液采样的界面和电化学感应的介质。为了描述THMP的性能，咖啡因和乳酸被选为两个代表性的靶分子。我们证明了采样方法适用于跟踪代谢模式，以及提供从样品到答案的生物标志物数据以进行个人监控（通过与电化学传感系统耦合）的适用性。为了告知其潜在的应用，该生物标记物采样和传感系统被并入基于分布式终端的传感网络中，该网络唯一地利用指尖作为同时进行生物标记物数据采样和用户识别的站点。