The recognition of the curative potential of the graft-versus-leukaemia effect for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing stem cell transplantation, and the emergence of immunotherapy as a powerful weapon to treat cancer, has spurred the exploration of the immune landscape of AML to apply immunotherapeutic approaches to curing the disease. While current concepts of cancer immunology and immunotherapy have relevance, there are also unique aspects of immune dysregulation in AML to be considered when designing rational immunotherapy for this leukaemia. This is timely because rapid advances in cancer immunobiology, together with technological developments have opened up the field of immunotherapy for malignant disease. Here the current knowledge of AML immunobiology is summarized together with a description of new immunotherapies to counter immunosuppression and immune evasion by AML. Recent advances in treatment with recombinant antibodies, adoptive cell therapy and vaccines and their future promise in AML treatment are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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急性髓细胞性白血病和免疫系统：对免疫治疗的意义。

认识到干细胞移植治疗急性髓细胞白血病（AML）患者的移植物抗白血病作用具有治愈潜力，免疫治疗作为治疗癌症的有力武器的出现，刺激了人们对免疫学的探索。 AML将采用免疫疗法来治愈该疾病。尽管当前的癌症免疫学和免疫疗法概念具有相关性，但在设计针对这种白血病的合理免疫疗法时，还应考虑AML免疫失调的独特方面。这是及时的，因为癌症免疫生物学的飞速发展以及技术的发展开辟了用于恶性疾病的免疫治疗领域。这里总结了AML免疫生物学的最新知识，以及对对抗AML的免疫抑制和免疫逃避的新免疫疗法的描述。综述了重组抗体，过继细胞疗法和疫苗在治疗方面的最新进展及其在AML治疗中的未来前景。