This paper presents the current state of the global gyrokinetic code ORB5 as an update of the previous reference [Jolliet et al., Comp. Phys. Commun. 177 409 (2007)]. The ORB5 code solves the electromagnetic Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations using a PIC scheme and also includes collisions and strong flows. The code assumes multiple gyrokinetic ion species at all wavelengths for the polarization density and drift-kinetic electrons. Variants of the physical model can be selected for electrons such as assuming an adiabatic response or a ``hybrid'' model in which passing electrons are assumed adiabatic and trapped electrons are drift-kinetic. A Fourier filter as well as various control variates and noise reduction techniques enable simulations with good signal-to-noise ratios at a limited numerical cost. They are completed with different momentum and zonal flow-conserving heat sources allowing for temperature-gradient and flux-driven simulations. The code, which runs on both CPUs and GPUs, is well benchmarked against other similar codes and analytical predictions, and shows good scalability up to thousands of nodes.

中文翻译：

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Orb5：在环形几何中使用 PIC 方法的全局电磁陀螺运动代码

本文介绍了全局陀螺动力学代码 ORB5 的当前状态，作为对先前参考文献的更新 [Jolliet 等人，Comp. 物理。社区。177 409 (2007)]。ORB5 代码使用 PIC 方案求解电磁 Vlasov-Maxwell 方程组，还包括碰撞和强流。该代码假定极化密度和漂移动力学电子在所有波长下都有多个回转运动离子种类。可以为电子选择物理模型的变体，例如假设绝热响应或“混合”模型，其中通过的电子被假设为绝热而被捕获的电子是漂移动力学。傅立叶滤波器以及各种控制变量和降噪技术能够以有限的数值成本实现具有良好信噪比的模拟。它们由不同的动量和区域流动守恒热源完成，允许进行温度梯度和通量驱动的模拟。该代码同时在 CPU 和 GPU 上运行，针对其他类似代码和分析预测进行了良好的基准测试，并显示出高达数千个节点的良好可扩展性。