Abstract Indigenous Peoples’ protected and conserved areas have gained global attention due to growing interest in protecting biodiversity during a time of Indigenous resurgence. We reviewed the academic literature to synthesize the motivations, successes, challenges, and lessons from protected and conserved areas led by Indigenous Peoples globally. We found and analyzed 58 papers, describing 86 specific initiatives involving at least 68 Indigenous Peoples across 25 countries. We found that Indigenous Peoples established protected and conserved areas independently and through local- and broad-scale partnerships. States that supported such efforts did so through formal legislation, agreements, and policies, and informally through local relationships and shared values. Indigenous Peoples’ protected and conserved areas created socio-cultural, political, and ecological benefits such as improving Indigenous livelihoods, increasing governance and management capacities, and improving species populations and habitat protection. However, some challenges (e.g. restrictive legislations, burdensome partnerships, insufficient funding) limited benefits, and demanded additional capacities and resources for mitigation. We recommend that states and other external actors: create and improve policies, legislations, and resources for Indigenous Peoples’ protected and conserved areas as defined by Indigenous Peoples; provide resources and facilitate Indigenous leadership to shape external mechanisms for protected area establishment and development; and create new internal mechanisms for Indigenous engagement and partnerships. Indigenous Peoples would benefit from building partnerships to support and manage their areas. Finally, we suggest that managers commit more resources to effectively monitor and manage these areas, including integrating management priorities with local and larger scale socio-cultural and environmental issues that affect these areas.

中文翻译：

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对土著保护区和保护区的成功、挑战和教训的回顾

摘要 由于在土著复兴时期保护生物多样性的兴趣日益浓厚，土著人民的保护区和保育区受到了全球的关注。我们回顾了学术文献，综合了全球原住民领导的保护区和保护区的动机、成功、挑战和经验教训。我们找到并分析了 58 篇论文，描述了 86 项具体举措，涉及 25 个国家/地区的至少 68 名土著人民。我们发现土著人民独立地并通过地方和广泛的合作伙伴关系建立了保护区。支持此类努力的国家通过正式立法、协议和政策，以及通过当地关系和共同价值观非正式地提供支持。土著人民的保护区和保护区创造了社会文化、政治和生态效益，例如改善土著生计、提高治理和管理能力以及改善物种种群和栖息地保护。然而，一些挑战（例如限制性立法、繁重的伙伴关系、资金不足）限制了收益，并需要额外的能力和资源来缓解。我们建议国家和其他外部行为者：为土著人民定义的土著人民保护区和保护区制定和改进政策、立法和资源；提供资源并促进土著领导力塑造保护区建立和发展的外部机制；并为土著参与和伙伴关系创建新的内部机制。土著人民将受益于建立伙伴关系以支持和管理他们的地区。最后，我们建议管理者投入更多资源来有效监控和管理这些领域，包括将管理优先事项与影响这些领域的当地和更大规模的社会文化和环境问题相结合。