OBJECTIVE Cognitive function has been reported to be impaired in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCOS on brain activity and explore the relationship between brain activity and sex hormone levels in women with PCOS (WPCOS). METHODS Twenty-one women aged 18-45 years old with new-diagnosed PCOS were enrolled. Plasma levels of six sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were tested during the 2-5 days of their menstrual periods. Twenty-seven healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Every subject underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the whole brain was evaluated followed by the functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Finally, the correlation between the ALFF, FC of the significant areas and the plasma hormone levels were analyzed. RESULTS The patients showed increased ALFF value in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L) and decreased ALFF value in the left inferior occipital gyrus (IOG.L) as well as the superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R, P < 0.005). For the FC analysis, patients showed decreased FC in SFG.R with the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R, P < 0.05). The FC between SFG.R and MFG.R was negatively correlated with LH level (R=-0.594, P = 0.005) and with the LH/FSH ratio (R=-0.521, P = 0.015). CONCLUSION PCOS can induce changes in activities of brain regions responsible for visuospatial working memory, face processing and episodic memory. The reduced functional connectivity within the right frontal lobe is related with the high LH level in WPCOS.

中文翻译：

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血浆促黄体激素水平对多囊卵巢综合征患者脑活动的影响

目的 据报道，患有多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS) 的女性的认知功能受损。本研究旨在探讨 PCOS 对大脑活动的影响，并探讨多囊卵巢综合征 (WPCOS) 女性大脑活动与性激素水平之间的关系。方法 招募了 21 名 18-45 岁的新诊断 PCOS 女性。在月经期的 2-5 天内测试了包括黄体生成素 (LH) 和促卵泡激素 (FSH) 在内的六种性激素的血浆水平。招募了 27 名健康对照 (HC)。每个受试者都接受了静息态功能磁共振成像 (fMRI)。评估整个大脑的低频波动 (ALFF) 幅度，然后进行功能连接 (FC) 分析。最后，ALFF之间的相关性，分析了显着区域的 FC 和血浆激素水平。结果 患者左侧颞下回（ITG.L）ALFF值升高，左侧枕下回（IOG.L）和额上回ALFF值降低（SFG.R，P<0.005）。对于 FC 分析，患者在右侧额中回的 SFG.R 中显示 FC 降低（MFG.R，P < 0.05）。SFG.R和MFG.R之间的FC与LH水平（R=-0.594，P=0.005）和LH/FSH比值（R=-0.521，P=0.015）呈负相关。结论 PCOS 可引起负责视觉空间工作记忆、面部处理和情景记忆的大脑区域活动的变化。右额叶内功能连通性的降低与 WPCOS 中的高 LH 水平有关。