Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is one of the most important aquaculture shrimps in the world and its survival, growth, and distribution was seriously challenged by cold stress. To investigate the response of L. vannamei under acute cold stress, mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) profiles of the hepatopancreas which was collected from the control group (28 °C) and the treatment group (13 °C) were analyzed. The results showed that 1266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (502 up- and 764 down-regulated) and 60 differentially expressed miRNAs (34 up- and 26 down-regulated) were identified under acute cold stress respectively. According to the functional annotation, catalytic activity was the most significant term in the GO category of molecular function, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the most enriched KEGG pathway for mRNAs profile. For miRNAs profile, functional annotation of the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs indicated that oxidoreductase activity was the most significant term in the GO category of molecular function, and glucagon signaling pathway was the most enriched KEGG pathway. The results revealed that ER involved in the acute cold stress response and acute cold stress may induce the unfolded protein response of L. vannamei.

中文翻译：

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整合的microRNA和mRNA分析揭示了太平洋白虾对虾凡纳滨对虾在急性冷胁迫下的内质网应激调控。

凡纳滨对虾（L. vannamei）是世界上最重要的水产养殖虾之一，其生存，生长和分布受到冷胁迫的严重挑战。为了研究南美白对虾在急性冷胁迫下的反应，分析了从对照组（28°C）和治疗组（13°C）收集的肝胰腺的mRNA和microRNA（miRNA）图谱。结果表明，在急性冷胁迫下，分别鉴定出1266个差异表达基因（DEG）（502个上调和764个下调）和60个差异表达miRNA（34个上调和26个下调）。根据功能注释，催化活性是分子功能的GO类别中最重要的术语，内质网（ER）中的蛋白质加工是mRNA谱中最丰富的KEGG途径。对于miRNA谱，差异表达的miRNA的靶基因的功能注释表明，氧化还原酶活性是分子功能的GO类别中最重要的术语，而胰高血糖素信号传导途径是最丰富的KEGG途径。结果表明，参与急性冷应激和急性冷应激的内质网可能诱导南美白对虾的未折叠蛋白反应。