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Role of tyramine in calcium dynamics of GABAergic neurons and escape behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans
Zoological Letters ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-26 , DOI: 10.1186/s40851-018-0103-1
Yuko Kagawa-Nagamura 1, 2 , Keiko Gengyo-Ando 1, 2, 3 , Masamichi Ohkura 1, 2 , Junichi Nakai 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Tyramine, known as a “trace amine” in mammals, modulates a wide range of behavior in invertebrates; however, the underlying cellular and circuit mechanisms are not well understood. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), tyramine affects key behaviors, including foraging, feeding, and escape responses. The touch-evoked backward escape response is often coupled with a sharp omega turn that allows the animal to navigate away in the opposite direction. Previous studies have showed that a metabotropic tyramine receptor, SER-2, in GABAergic body motor neurons controls deep body bending in omega turns. In this study, we focused on the role of tyramine in GABAergic head motor neurons. Our goal is to understand the mechanism by which tyraminergic signaling alters neural circuit activity to control escape behavior. Using calcium imaging in freely moving C. elegans, we found that GABAergic RME motor neurons in the head had high calcium levels during forward locomotion but low calcium levels during spontaneous and evoked backward locomotion. This calcium decrease was also observed during the omega turn. Mutant analyses showed that tbh-1 mutants lacking only octopamine had normal calcium responses, whereas tdc-1 mutants lacking both tyramine and octopamine did not exhibit the calcium decrease in RME. This neuromodulation was mediated by SER-2. Moreover, tyraminergic RIM neuron activity was negatively correlated with RME activity in the directional switch from forward to backward locomotion. These results indicate that tyramine released from RIM inhibits RME via SER-2 signaling. The omega turn is initiated by a sharp head bend when the animal reinitiates forward movement. Interestingly, ser-2 mutants exhibited shallow head bends and often failed to execute deep-angle omega turns. The behavioral defect and the abnormal calcium response in ser-2 mutants could be rescued by SER-2 expression in RME. These results suggest that tyraminergic inhibition of RME is involved in the control of omega turns. We demonstrate that endogenous tyramine downregulates calcium levels in GABAergic RME motor neurons in the head via the tyramine receptor SER-2 during backward locomotion and omega turns. Our data suggest that this neuromodulation allows deep head bending during omega turns and plays a role in the escape behavior in C. elegans.

中文翻译:

酪胺在 GABA 能神经元钙动力学和秀丽隐杆线虫逃逸行为中的作用

酪胺在哺乳动物中被称为“微量胺”,可调节无脊椎动物的广泛行为;然而,潜在的细胞和电路机制尚不清楚。在秀丽隐杆线虫 (C. elegans) 中,酪胺影响关键行为,包括觅食、进食和逃避反应。触摸诱发的向后逃跑反应通常与急剧的欧米茄转弯相结合,使动物可以向相反的方向导航。先前的研究表明,GABA 能体运动神经元中的代谢型酪胺受体 SER-2 控制欧米茄转弯时的深部身体弯曲。在这项研究中,我们专注于酪胺在 GABA 能头部运动神经元中的作用。我们的目标是了解酪胺能信号改变神经回路活动以控制逃逸行为的机制。在自由移动的秀丽隐杆线虫中使用钙成像,我们发现头部中的 GABAergic RME 运动神经元在向前运动期间具有高钙水平,但在自发和诱发向后运动期间具有低钙水平。在欧米茄转向期间也观察到这种钙减少。突变体分析表明,仅缺乏章鱼胺的 tbh-1 突变体具有正常的钙反应,而缺乏酪胺和章鱼胺的 tdc-1 突变体在 RME 中没有表现出钙减少。这种神经调节是由 SER-2 介导的。此外,酪胺能 RIM 神经元活动与 RME 活动在从向前运动到向后运动的方向转换中呈负相关。这些结果表明,从 RIM 释放的酪胺通过 SER-2 信号传导抑制 RME。当动物重新开始向前运动时,欧米茄转弯是由急剧的头部弯曲开始的。有趣的是,ser-2 突变体表现出较浅的头部弯曲,并且经常无法执行深角 omega 转弯。SER-2 突变体的行为缺陷和异常钙反应可以通过RME 中的SER-2 表达来挽救。这些结果表明,RME 的酪胺能抑制与欧米茄转角的控制有关。我们证明内源性酪胺在向后运动和欧米茄转弯期间通过酪胺受体 SER-2 下调头部 GABA 能 RME 运动神经元中的钙水平。我们的数据表明,这种神经调节允许在 omega 转弯期间头部深度弯曲,并在秀丽隐杆线虫的逃逸行为中发挥作用。ser-2 突变体表现出较浅的头部弯曲,并且经常无法执行深角 omega 转弯。SER-2 突变体的行为缺陷和异常钙反应可以通过RME 中的SER-2 表达来挽救。这些结果表明,RME 的酪胺能抑制与欧米茄转角的控制有关。我们证明内源性酪胺在向后运动和欧米茄转弯期间通过酪胺受体 SER-2 下调头部 GABA 能 RME 运动神经元中的钙水平。我们的数据表明,这种神经调节允许在 omega 转弯期间头部深度弯曲,并在秀丽隐杆线虫的逃逸行为中发挥作用。ser-2 突变体表现出较浅的头部弯曲,并且经常无法执行深角 omega 转弯。SER-2 突变体的行为缺陷和异常钙反应可以通过RME 中的SER-2 表达来挽救。这些结果表明,RME 的酪胺能抑制与欧米茄转角的控制有关。我们证明内源性酪胺在向后运动和欧米茄转弯期间通过酪胺受体 SER-2 下调头部 GABA 能 RME 运动神经元中的钙水平。我们的数据表明,这种神经调节允许在 omega 转弯期间头部深度弯曲,并在秀丽隐杆线虫的逃逸行为中发挥作用。这些结果表明,RME 的酪胺能抑制与欧米茄转角的控制有关。我们证明内源性酪胺在向后运动和欧米茄转弯期间通过酪胺受体 SER-2 下调头部 GABA 能 RME 运动神经元中的钙水平。我们的数据表明,这种神经调节允许在 omega 转弯期间头部深度弯曲,并在秀丽隐杆线虫的逃逸行为中发挥作用。这些结果表明,RME 的酪胺能抑制与欧米茄转角的控制有关。我们证明内源性酪胺在向后运动和欧米茄转弯期间通过酪胺受体 SER-2 下调头部 GABA 能 RME 运动神经元中的钙水平。我们的数据表明,这种神经调节允许在 omega 转弯期间头部深度弯曲,并在秀丽隐杆线虫的逃逸行为中发挥作用。
更新日期:2018-07-26
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