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Pineal gland dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with the immune-pineal axis, sleep disturbance, and neurogenesis.
Molecular Neurodegeneration ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0330-8
Juhyun Song 1
Affiliation  

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally common neurodegenerative disease, which is accompanied by alterations to various lifestyle patterns, such as sleep disturbance. The pineal gland is the primary endocrine organ that secretes hormones, such as melatonin, and controls the circadian rhythms. The decrease in pineal gland volume and pineal calcification leads to the reduction of melatonin production. Melatonin has been reported to have multiple roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including improving neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, suppressing neuroinflammation, enhancing memory function, and protecting against oxidative stress. Recently, reduced pineal gland volume and pineal calcification, accompanied by cognitive decline and sleep disturbances have been observed in AD patients. Here, I review current significant evidence of the contribution of pineal dysfunction in AD to the progress of AD neuropathology. I suggest new insights to understanding the relationship between AD pathogenesis and pineal gland function.

中文翻译:

阿尔茨海默氏病中的松果体功能障碍:与免疫性松果体轴,睡眠障碍和神经发生的关系。

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是一种全球常见的神经退行性疾病,伴随着多种生活方式的改变,例如睡眠障碍。松果体是分泌激素(例如褪黑激素)并控制昼夜节律的主要内分泌器官。松果体体积和松果体钙化的减少导致褪黑激素产生的减少。据报道,褪黑激素在中枢神经系统(CNS)中具有多种作用,包括改善神经发生和突触可塑性,抑制神经炎症,增强记忆功能以及防止氧化应激。最近,在AD患者中观察到松果体体积和松果钙化减少,伴随着认知能力下降和睡眠障碍。这里,我回顾了当前松果体功能障碍在AD神经病理学进展中的重要证据。我建议新的见解,以了解AD发病机制和松果体腺功能之间的关系。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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