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The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Molecular Neurodegeneration ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5
Michael A DeTure 1 , Dennis W Dickson 1
Affiliation  

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline, although less common clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. The cardinal pathological features of the disease have been known for more than one hundred years, and today the presence of these amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are still required for a pathological diagnosis. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally. There remain no effective treatment options for the great majority of patients, and the primary causes of the disease are unknown except in a small number of familial cases driven by genetic mutations. Confounding efforts to develop effective diagnostic tools and disease-modifying therapies is the realization that Alzheimer's disease is a mixed proteinopathy (amyloid and tau) frequently associated with other age-related processes such as cerebrovascular disease and Lewy body disease. Defining the relationships between and interdependence of various co-pathologies remains an active area of investigation. This review outlines etiologically-linked pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease, as well as those that are inevitable findings of uncertain significance, such as granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies. Other disease processes that are frequent, but not inevitable, are also discussed, including pathologic processes that can clinically mimic Alzheimer's disease. These include cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, TDP-43 proteinopathies and argyrophilic grain disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of Alzheimer's disease pathology, its defining pathologic substrates and the related pathologies that can affect diagnosis and treatment.

中文翻译:

阿尔茨海默氏病的神经病理学诊断。

阿尔茨海默氏病是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,最常见的病因是记忆力减退和认知能力下降,尽管人们越来越少地认识到临床表现不佳。该疾病的主要病理特征已经有一百多年的历史了,今天,对于病理诊断,仍然需要这些淀粉样蛋白斑块和神经原纤维缠结的存在。阿尔茨海默氏病是全球范围内痴呆症最常见的病因。对于大多数患者,仍然没有有效的治疗选择,并且除少数由基因突变驱动的家族病例外,该疾病的主要病因尚不清楚。认识到阿尔茨海默氏病的发生与开发有效的诊断工具和疾病缓解疗法的努力混杂在一起 s病是一种混合蛋白病(淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白),经常与其他与年龄有关的过程(例如脑血管疾病和路易体病)相关。定义各种共病之间的关系和相互依存仍然是研究的活跃领域。这篇综述概述了阿尔茨海默氏病的病因学相关的病理学特征,以及那些意义不明确的不可避免的发现,如颗粒性肺泡变性和平野小体。还讨论了其他频繁但并非不可避免的疾病过程,包括可以在临床上模拟阿尔茨海默氏病的病理过程。这些疾病包括脑血管疾病,路易体病,TDP-43蛋白病和嗜银粒病。这篇综述的目的是概述阿尔茨海默氏症
更新日期:2020-04-22
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