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A new family of uncultivated bacteria involved in methanogenesis from the ubiquitous osmolyte glycine betaine in coastal saltmarsh sediments.
Microbiome ( IF 15.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-27 , DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0732-4
Helen J Jones 1 , Eileen Kröber 2 , Jason Stephenson 1 , Michaela A Mausz 1 , Eleanor Jameson 1 , Andrew Millard 3 , Kevin J Purdy 1 , Yin Chen 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Coastal environments are dynamic and rapidly changing. Living organisms in coastal environments are known to synthesise large quantities of organic osmolytes, which they use to cope with osmotic stresses. The organic osmolyte glycine betaine (GBT) is ubiquitously found in marine biota from prokaryotic Bacteria and Archaea to coastal plants, marine protozoa, and mammals. In intertidal coastal sediment, GBT represents an important precursor of natural methane emissions and as much as 90% of total methane production in these ecosystems can be originated from methanogenesis from GBT and its intermediate trimethylamine through microbial metabolism. RESULTS We set out to uncover the microorganisms responsible for methanogenesis from GBT using stable isotope labelling and metagenomics. This led to the recovery of a near-complete genome (2.3 Mbp) of a novel clostridial bacterium involved in anaerobic GBT degradation. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene, functional marker genes, and comparative genomics analyses all support the establishment of a novel family Candidatus 'Betainaceae' fam. nov. in Clostridiales and its role in GBT metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our comparative genomes and metagenomics analyses suggest that this bacterium is widely distributed in coastal salt marshes, marine sediments, and deep subsurface sediments, suggesting a key role of anaerobic GBT metabolism by this clostridial bacterium in these ecosystems.

中文翻译:

沿海盐沼沉积物中无处不在的渗透液甘氨酸甜菜碱中涉及甲烷生成的未培养细菌的新家族。

背景技术沿海环境是动态的并且迅速变化的。已知沿海环境中的活生物体会合成大量有机渗透物,它们可用于应对渗透胁迫。有机渗透压甘氨酸甜菜碱(GBT)广泛存在于海洋生物中,从原核细菌和古细菌到沿海植物,海洋原生动物和哺乳动物。在潮间带沿海沉积物中,GBT代表着自然甲烷排放的重要前体,这些生态系统中高达90%的甲烷总产量可来源于GBT及其中间三甲胺通过微生物代谢产生的甲烷。结果我们着手使用稳定的同位素标记和宏基因组学方法,从GBT中发现负责甲烷生成的微生物。这导致了近乎完整的基因组的恢复(2。3 Mbp)参与厌氧性GBT降解的新型梭菌。对16S rRNA基因,功能标记基因和比较基因组学的系统发育分析均支持新型念珠菌“ Betainaceae”家族的建立。十一月 梭状芽胞杆菌中的β-内啡肽及其在GBT代谢中的作用。结论我们的比较基因组和宏基因组学分析表明,该细菌广泛分布于沿海盐沼,海洋沉积物和深层地下沉积物中,表明该梭菌在这些生态系统中对厌氧性GBT代谢起关键作用。家族 十一月 梭状芽胞杆菌中的β-内啡肽及其在GBT代谢中的作用。结论我们的比较基因组和宏基因组学分析表明,该细菌广泛分布于沿海盐沼,海洋沉积物和深层地下沉积物中,表明该梭菌在这些生态系统中对厌氧性GBT代谢起关键作用。家族 十一月 梭状芽胞杆菌中的β-内啡肽及其在GBT代谢中的作用。结论我们的比较基因组和宏基因组学分析表明,该细菌广泛分布于沿海盐沼,海洋沉积物和深层地下沉积物中,表明该梭菌在这些生态系统中对厌氧性GBT代谢起关键作用。
更新日期:2019-08-27
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