Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations. A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords “fatty acids and epigenetic”. The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes. Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.

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脂肪酸，表观遗传机制和慢性病：系统综述

肥胖，2型糖尿病（T2D）和心血管疾病等慢性疾病是全世界发病率和死亡率的主要原因。这些病理状况涉及环境，遗传和表观遗传因素之间的相互作用。营养基因组学的最新进展有助于阐明某些营养因素的作用，包括饮食脂肪酸在基因表达调控中的作用。该系统评价评估了有关不同脂肪酸在影响慢性疾病发展或对代谢改变产生保护作用的表观遗传机制中的作用的当前可用信息。在PubMed / Medline数据库中使用关键字“脂肪酸和表观遗传”进行了有针对性的搜索。根据PRISMA-P指南分析数据。食用脂肪酸（例如n-3 PUFA：EPA和DHA，MUFA：油酸和棕榈油酸）与代谢改变的改善相关。另一方面，与肥胖，T2D，促炎性特征，动脉粥样硬化和IR的存在或发展有关的脂肪酸为n-6 PUFA，饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）和反式脂肪酸（卵白质）。 ），也与表观遗传变化有关。脂肪酸可以通过修饰表观遗传机制来调节基因表达，从而对代谢结果产生正面或负面影响。动脉粥样硬化和IR分别为n-6 PUFA，饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）和反式脂肪酸（草酸），也与表观遗传变化有关。脂肪酸可以通过修饰表观遗传机制来调节基因表达，从而对代谢结果产生正面或负面影响。动脉粥样硬化和IR分别为n-6 PUFA，饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）和反式脂肪酸（草酸），也与表观遗传变化有关。脂肪酸可以通过修饰表观遗传机制来调节基因表达，从而对代谢结果产生正面或负面影响。