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Neural stimulation systems for the control of refractory epilepsy: a review.
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0605-x
Matthew D Bigelow 1 , Abbas Z Kouzani 1
Affiliation  

Epilepsy affects nearly 1% of the world's population. A third of epilepsy patients suffer from a kind of epilepsy that cannot be controlled by current medications. For those where surgery is not an option, neurostimulation may be the only alternative to bring relief, improve quality of life, and avoid secondary injury to these patients. Until recently, open loop neurostimulation was the only alternative for these patients. However, for those whose epilepsy is applicable, the medical approval of the responsive neural stimulation and the closed loop vagal nerve stimulation systems have been a step forward in the battle against uncontrolled epilepsy. Nonetheless, improvements can be made to the existing systems and alternative systems can be developed to further improve the quality of life of sufferers of the debilitating condition. In this paper, we first present a brief overview of epilepsy as a disease. Next, we look at the current state of biomarker research in respect to sensing and predicting epileptic seizures. Then, we present the current state of open loop neural stimulation systems. We follow this by investigating the currently approved, and some of the recent experimental, closed loop systems documented in the literature. Finally, we provide discussions on the current state of neural stimulation systems for controlling epilepsy, and directions for future studies.

中文翻译:

用于控制难治性癫痫的神经刺激系统:综述。

癫痫症影响着世界上近 1% 的人口。三分之一的癫痫患者患有目前药物无法控制的癫痫症。对于那些无法进行手术的患者,神经刺激可能是缓解症状、改善生活质量并避免对这些患者造成二次伤害的唯一选择。直到最近,开环神经刺激仍然是这些患者的唯一选择。然而,对于那些适用于癫痫症的人来说,响应性神经刺激和闭环迷走神经刺激系统的医学批准已经在与不受控制的癫痫的斗争中向前迈出了一步。尽管如此,可以对现有系统进行改进,并且可以开发替代系统,以进一步改善衰弱状况患者的生活质量。在本文中,我们首先对癫痫作为一种疾病进行简要概述。接下来,我们看看在感知和预测癫痫发作方面生物标志物研究的现状。然后,我们介绍了开环神经刺激系统的当前状态。我们通过调查文献中记录的当前批准的以及最近的一些实验性闭环系统来遵循这一点。最后,我们讨论了控制癫痫的神经刺激系统的现状以及未来的研究方向。
更新日期:2019-10-29
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