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Tumor neoantigens: from basic research to clinical applications.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology ( IF 28.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0787-5
Tao Jiang 1, 2 , Tao Shi 3 , Henghui Zhang 4 , Jie Hu 1 , Yuanlin Song 1 , Jia Wei 3 , Shengxiang Ren 2 , Caicun Zhou 2
Affiliation  

Tumor neoantigen is the truly foreign protein and entirely absent from normal human organs/tissues. It could be specifically recognized by neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) in the context of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) molecules. Emerging evidence has suggested that neoantigens play a critical role in tumor-specific T cell-mediated antitumor immune response and successful cancer immunotherapies. From a theoretical perspective, neoantigen is an ideal immunotherapy target because they are distinguished from germline and could be recognized as non-self by the host immune system. Neoantigen-based therapeutic personalized vaccines and adoptive T cell transfer have shown promising preliminary results. Furthermore, recent studies suggested the significant role of neoantigen in immune escape, immunoediting, and sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent advances of understanding and identification of tumor-specific neoantigens and its role on current cancer immunotherapies. We also discuss the ongoing development of strategies based on neoantigens and its future clinical applications.

中文翻译:

肿瘤新抗原:从基础研究到临床应用。

肿瘤新抗原是真正的外源蛋白,在正常人体器官/组织中是完全不存在的。在主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)分子的情况下,它可以被新抗原特异性T细胞受体(TCR)特异性识别。新兴证据表明,新抗原在肿瘤特异性T细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应和成功的癌症免疫治疗中起着至关重要的作用。从理论上讲,新抗原是理想的免疫治疗靶标,因为它们与种系不同,并且可以被宿主免疫系统识别为非自身抗原。基于新抗原的治疗性个性化疫苗和过继性T细胞转移已显示出令人鼓舞的初步结果。此外,最近的研究表明,新抗原在免疫逃逸,免疫编辑,对免疫检查点抑制剂的敏感性。在这篇综述中,我们系统地总结了了解和鉴定肿瘤特异性新抗原及其在当前癌症免疫治疗中的作用的最新进展。我们还将讨论基于新抗原的策略的持续发展及其未来的临床应用。
更新日期:2019-09-06
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